Morphology and immunology of the human palatine tonsil

Nave, Heike; Gebert, Andreas; Pabst, Reinhard

doi:10.1007/s004290100210

Cited by 182 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Banks stated that the tonsils consisted of solitary and aggregated nodules in domestic animals. Nave et al, (2001) described that the specialized compartments of the palatine tonsils were the crypt epithelium, lymphoid follicle and extracellular region in humans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Raju

Ramesh²,

Basha³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The tissue pieces of palatine tonsil were collected from different postnatal age groups of sheep from the Corporation Slaughter House, Perambur, Chennai. The palatine tonsil consisted of a surface epithelium, capsule, tonsillar lobes, crypts, crypt epithelium and tonsillar follicles. The surface epithelium over the palatine tonsil was made up of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in all the postnatal age groups studied. The palatine tonsil was clearly demarcated from the surrounding structures by a distinct connective tissue capsule and one septa dividing the tonsil into two lobes. The surface epithelium was invaginated into the substance of the tonsil to form primary and secondary crypts in each lobe. The crypt epithelium covered the regions of lymphoid follicles became lymphoepithelium. The macrophages were also observed in the epithelium. In the areas of lymphoepithelium the basement membrane was interrupted since lymphocytic infiltration was heavy into the epithelium. Numerous secondary tonsillar follicles with germinal centers separated by interfollicular areas were observed in the palatine tonsil. The tonsillar follicles consisted of a mantle zone, which was heavily populated with small darkly stained lymphocytes. These mantle zones were always oriented towards the crypts. The tonsillar follicles of young sheep showed many medium and small sized lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and also reticulocytes. The reticular cells usually appeared larger than lymphocytes and had a more abundant and organized cytoplasm with vacuoles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Raju

Ramesh²,

Basha³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…To cope with this microbial load, it is equipped with, amongst others, a dense mesh work of antigen-presenting cells throughout the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs to initiate appropriate adaptive immune responses (17,18). Furthermore, specialized mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, such as the Waldeyer's ring at the back of the throat, actively sample lumen antigens to initiate systemic and mucosal immune responses (19). Evident from the real-time in vivo scintigraphy measurements was an even distribution of vaccine over the entire respiratory tract, with a distinct accumulation in the area of the Waldeyer's ring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol immunization with NYVAC and MVA vectored vaccines is safe, simple, and immunogenic

Corbett

Bogers

Heeney

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Each year, approximately five million people die worldwide from putatively vaccine-preventable mucosally transmitted diseases. With respect to mass vaccination campaigns, one strategy to cope with this formidable challenge is aerosol vaccine delivery, which offers potential safety, logistical, and cost-saving advantages over traditional vaccination routes. Additionally, aerosol vaccination may elicit pivotal mucosal immune responses that could contain or eliminate mucosally transmitted pathogens in a preventative or therapeutic vaccine context. In this current preclinical non-human primate investigation, we demonstrate the feasibility of aerosol vaccination with the recombinant poxvirus-based vaccine vectors NYVAC and MVA. Real-time in vivo scintigraphy experiments with radiolabeled, aerosol-administered NYVAC-C (Clade C, HIV-1 vaccine) and MVA-HPV vaccines revealed consistent mucosal delivery to the respiratory tract. Furthermore, aerosol delivery of the vaccines was safe, inducing no vaccine-associated pathology, in particular in the brain and lungs, and was immunogenic. Administration of a DNA-C/NYVAC-C prime/boost regime resulted in both systemic and anal-genital HIV-specific immune responses that were still detectable 5 months after immunization. Thus, aerosol vaccination with NYVAC and MVA vectored vaccines constitutes a tool for large-scale vaccine efforts against mucosally transmitted pathogens.MVA HPV ͉ non-human primate ͉ NYVAC HIV ͉ preclinical study ͉ aerosol vaccine assessment

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“…This complex of lymphoid elements, located at the junction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, is well positioned to sample antigens entering through either the oral cavity or nasal cavity (Kraehenbuhl and Neutra, 2000;Nave et al, 2001;Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006). Indeed in ruminants, tonsils represent an important component of the respiratory tract associated lymphoid tissue (RTALT) (Chen et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1991) and share morphological and functional characteristics of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), such as Peyer's patches; one being antigen processing (Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B-cells, CD4þ, and CD11cþ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, c/d TCRþ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M-cells. Moreover, putative M-cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M-cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 294:1939Rec, 294: -1950Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Morphology and immunology of the human palatine tonsil

Cited by 182 publications

References 69 publications

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Aerosol immunization with NYVAC and MVA vectored vaccines is safe, simple, and immunogenic

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

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