Morphology and Microstructure of Engine-Emitted Particulates

Soewono, Arka Dwinanda; Rogak, Steven N.

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1906

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that soot from combustion sources, unless it has been collapsed by substantial coatings (not the case here) has a fractal dimension, f , close to 1.8 [39,40]. Soewono studied the fractal dimension from one of the test engines here (the HPDI engine) and found only subtle variations in f [41,42].…”

Section: Images Of Engine Exhaust Particulatementioning

confidence: 99%

Automated primary particle sizing of nanoparticle aggregates by TEM image analysis

2016

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Nanoparticle aggregates formed in colloidal or aerosol processes have complex morphologies. Soot, for example, is formed as aggregates of primary particles. Soot properties are influenced by the diameter (p) and the arrangement of its constitutive primary particles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is commonly used for the characterization of agglomerates' morphology, but manual analysis of the micrographs is extremely labour-intensive. Here, a new method is developed for automatic determination of the average primary particles diameter based on the variation of the 2-D pair correlation function P() at distances measured from the main skeleton of the aggregates. It is assumed that P * = P(p /2) is nearly constant. The method has been applied to numerical agglomerates and real soot aggregates collected from several operating conditions of a gasoline direct injection engine and a heavy-duty compressionignition engine. Using a constant value for P * determined from the analysis of TEM images results in primary particle sizing errors (relative to manual sizing) of ~13% for single aggregates. The ensemble-mean values of p for manual and automatic sizing differed by ~4%.

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Section: Images Of Engine Exhaust Particulatementioning

confidence: 99%

Automated primary particle sizing of nanoparticle aggregates by TEM image analysis

2016

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“…Zhang et al [32] investigated the particle size distribution in a biodiesel blend fuelled CRDI engine exhaust and found that B100 did not emit nucleation mode particles. Soewono and Rogak [33] investigated particulate morphology and microstructure for diesel and B20 by employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. B20 particulates showed higher structural disorder compared to diesel particulates for the same engine operating conditions and structural order of soot improved at higher engine loads.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate emissions from biodiesel fuelled CI engines

Agarwal

Gupta

Shukla

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

107

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“…Automotive particle emissions fall into two broad categories: 1) "Nucleation" mode particles, which are comprised primarily of condensed volatile material, mainly sulphate and heavy hydrocarbons, and have particle sizes that are typically less than 30 nm, 2) "Accumulation" mode particles, which are mainly carbonaceous in nature and have particle sizes larger than 30 nm (Kayes and Hochgreb, 1999;Kittelson, 1998;Soewono and Rogak, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

Myung

Park

2011

Int.J Automot. Technol.

206

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This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.

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Morphology and Microstructure of Engine-Emitted Particulates

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Automated primary particle sizing of nanoparticle aggregates by TEM image analysis

Automated primary particle sizing of nanoparticle aggregates by TEM image analysis

Particulate emissions from biodiesel fuelled CI engines

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

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