Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Chara altaica (Charales, Charophyceae), a Monoecious Species of the Section Desvauxia

Kato, Shungo; Sakayama, Hidetoshi; Morishima, Hideharu; Sano, Satomi; Oomori, Yuji; Kato, Nobushige; Itô, Motomi; Kasai, Fumie; Watanabe, Makoto M.; Nozaki, Hisayoshi

doi:10.1508/cytologia.75.211

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, the C. contraria-cluster contained monoecious and dioecious individuals, while this trait indeed seemed useful for differentiating C. connivens from C. globularis, and also for differentiating C. tenuispina from C. aspera. Identical barcoding sequences for monoecious and dioecious individuals have previously been shown for C. canescens and C. altaica (Kato et al, 2010; C. altaica is a taxon described from Japan which Wood & Imahori (1965) would consider to be a monoecious strain of C. canescens). Even traits which have been shown to be influenced by the environment, may in some cases be useful for species differentiation (C. connivens may be differentiated by its incurved branchlets from C. globularis, even though incurved branchlets in Chara may be caused by high light conditions; Schneider et al, 2015c).…”

Section: Chara Strigosa-virgata-clustermentioning

confidence: 83%

Species differentiation in the genus Chara (Charophyceae): considerable phenotypic plasticity occurs within homogenous genetic groups

Schneider

Nowak

Ammon

et al. 2016

European Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Charophytes are benthic algae with a complex morphology and high phenotypic plasticity. This has led to ambiguities in species delineation. However, until now genetic studies on Chara have been based on samples collected from a restricted geographic range or only included a restricted number of taxa. This may have hindered a general interpretation of the results. We applied barcoding of matK, a rapidly evolving coding section of the plastid genome, in 324 Chara samples collected from 19 countries, in order to test whether the distribution of barcode haplotypes among individuals was consistent with species boundaries as they are currently understood. The phylogenetic tree grouped the 324 Chara individuals, which according to commonly used identification keys represented 29 species, into 12 well-defined groups (i.e. monophyletic morphospecies or groups of morphospecies). Considerable morphological variation occurred within genetically homogeneous groups. This included traits which are commonly used for Chara species determination, such as the length and number of spine cells, the length of stipulodes and bract cells, cortication (tylacanthous, isostichous, aulacanthous and absent cortication), as well as sex differentiation. However, there were also substantial genetic differences among morphologically similar species (e.g. C. virgata-C. globularis-C. connivens). No morphological trait consistently reflected genetic differences. This indicates that morphological traits for specific taxa may serve as diagnostic tools for species delimitation, but that they are not generally suitable for inferring genetic differentiation or phylogenetic relationships. We propose that (i) C. virgata and C. strigosa, (ii) C. liljebladii, C. horrida and C. baltica, and (iii) C. hispida, C. rudis and C. polyacantha are conspecific. Our data also indicate that C. gymnophylla should be divided into tylacanthous forms (which are closely related to C. contraria) and aulacanthous forms (which are related to C. vulgaris).

show abstract

Section: Chara Strigosa-virgata-clustermentioning

confidence: 83%

Species differentiation in the genus Chara (Charophyceae): considerable phenotypic plasticity occurs within homogenous genetic groups

Schneider

Nowak

Ammon

et al. 2016

European Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For EM, we therefore used the smaller internodal cells of Chara braunii Gm. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated a close relationship between C. braunii and C. australis ( Sakayama et al , 2009 ; Kato et al , 2010 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and biochemical analysis of the first ARA6 homologue, a RAB5 GTPase, from green algae

Hoepflinger

Geretschlaeger

Hoeftberger

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RAB5 GTPases are important regulators of endosomal membrane traffic in yeast, plants, and animals. A specific subgroup of this family, the ARA6 group, has been described in land plants including bryophytes, lycophytes, and flowering plants. Here, we report on the isolation of an ARA6 homologue in a green alga. CaARA6 (CaRABF1) from Chara australis, a member of the Characeae that is a close relative of land plants, encodes a polypeptide of 237 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 25.4kDa, which is highly similar to ARA6 members from Arabidopsis thaliana and other land plants and has GTPase activity. When expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells, fluorescently tagged CaARA6 labelled organelles with diameters between 0.2 and 1.2 µm, which co-localized with fluorescently tagged AtARA6 known to be present on multivesicular endosomes. Mutations in the membrane-anchoring and GTP-binding sites altered the localization of CaARA6 comparable to that of A. thaliana ARA6 (RABF1). In characean internodal cells, confocal immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy with antibodies against AtARA6 and CaARA6 revealed ARA6 epitopes not only at multivesicular endosomes but also at the plasma membrane, including convoluted domains (charasomes), and at the trans-Golgi network. Our findings demonstrate that ARA6-like proteins have a more ancient origin than previously thought. They indicate further that ARA6-like proteins could have different functions in spite of the high similarity between characean algae and flowering plants.

show abstract

“…Recently, a genome project has been conducted for Chara braunii (26). Chara braunii is phylogenetically close to Chara corallina (27)(28)(29), and both species have the same cytoplasmic streaming velocity, 70 µm s −1 . The Chara genome project revealed that the Chara braunii genome contains four myosin XI genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the fastest myosin, its amino acid sequence, and structural features

Haraguchi

Tamanaha

Suzuki

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytoplasmic streaming with extremely high velocity (~70 μm s−1) occurs in cells of the characean algae (Chara). Because cytoplasmic streaming is caused by organelle-associated myosin XI sliding along actin filaments, it has been suggested that a myosin XI, which has a velocity of 70 μm s−1, the fastest myosin measured so far, exists in Chara cells. However, the previously cloned Chara corallina myosin XI (CcXI) moved actin filaments at a velocity of around 20 μm s−1, suggesting that an unknown myosin XI with a velocity of 70 μm −1 may be present in Chara. Recently, the genome sequence of Chara braunii has been published, revealing that this alga has four myosin XI genes. In the work reported in this paper, we cloned these four myosin XIs (CbXI-1, 2, 3, and 4) and measured their velocities. While the velocities of CbXI-3 and CbXI-4 were similar to that of CcXI, the velocities of CbXI-1 and CbXI-2 were estimated to be 73 and 66 μm s−1, respectively, suggesting that CbXI-1 and CbXI-2 are the main contributors to cytoplasmic streaming in Chara cells and showing that CbXI-1 is the fastest myosin yet found. We also report the first atomic structure (2.8 Å resolution) of myosin XI using X-ray crystallography. Based on this crystal structure and the recently published cryo-EM structure of acto-myosin XI at low resolution (4.3 Å), it appears that the actin-binding region contributes to the fast movement of Chara myosin XI. Mutation experiments of actin-binding surface loop 2 support this hypothesis.

show abstract

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Chara altaica (Charales, Charophyceae), a Monoecious Species of the Section Desvauxia

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Species differentiation in the genus Chara (Charophyceae): considerable phenotypic plasticity occurs within homogenous genetic groups

Species differentiation in the genus Chara (Charophyceae): considerable phenotypic plasticity occurs within homogenous genetic groups

Molecular and biochemical analysis of the first ARA6 homologue, a RAB5 GTPase, from green algae

Discovery of the fastest myosin, its amino acid sequence, and structural features

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About