Morphology and Morphometry of the Lung in Corn Snakes ( Pantherophis guttatus ) Infected with Three Different Strains of Ferlavirus

Starck, J. Matthias; Neul, Annkatrin; Kolb, Tobias; Franz‐Guess, Sandra; Balcecean, D.; Pees, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.02.001

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Sections were prepared in random orientation, and each of eight ultrathin slices were used for morphometry, using a Morgani digital transmission electron microscope (FEI Germany, Kassel, Germany). Capillary wall thickness was measured in five capillaries at each of five positions, using the orthogonal intercept method [15,62]. Based on these data, the harmonic mean thickness of the epithelium, the basal lamina and the endothelium, forming the air-blood barrier, was calculated (more details on the method and detailed results on the morphology and morphometric measurements given by Starck et al [63]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology of the healthy as well as the diseased ophidian lung cell structure has been described in detail [15]. Based on these descriptions, the ultrastructural morphology of the samples was assessed and scored from 0 (normal) to 2 (severe alterations).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scores for the “air-blood barrier” were assessed based on the mean thickness of the air blood barrier measured in healthy and diseased Burmese pythons [15], and the difference in the thicknesses depending on the health status. Based on this information and the average value for the air-blood barrier found for three snakes from the placebo group in this study, a thickness up to 1.9 μm was considered normal (0), and a thickness of more than 5.1 μm (more than 425% of the normal value, or exceeding measurable range) as a severe alteration (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors demonstrated a massively thickened air-blood barrier and reduction of the lung exchange capacity in the majority of snakes that tested positive for ferlaviruses by virus isolation and/or PCR. Hyperplasia of the ciliated cells and type II pneumocytes was found, and the epithelium appeared pseudostratified to multilayered, overgrowing the faveolar capillaries [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was therefore the aim of this study to comparatively examine the pathogenesis of three ferlavirus strains belonging to genogroups A, B, and C in a model species under experimental standardized conditions, and to genetically characterize and in silico analyze their surface glycoproteins. The infection studies on which this data is based have been described previously [15,36,37] regarding virus detection in the infected snakes. The present report details the pathological, histological, and bacteriological findings in the infected snakes as well as the partial molecular characterization of the viruses used in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three genetically distinct ferlaviruses have varying effects on infected corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

et al. 2019

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Ferlaviruses are important pathogens in snakes and other reptiles. They cause respiratory and neurological disease in infected animals and can cause severe disease outbreaks. Isolates from this genus can be divided into four genogroups–A, B, and C, as well as a more distantly related sister group, “tortoise”. Sequences from large portions (5.3 kb) of the genomes of a variety of ferlavirus isolates from genogroups A, B, and C, including the genes coding the surface glycoproteins F and HN as well as the L protein were determined and compared. In silico analyses of the glycoproteins of genogroup A, B, and C isolates were carried out. Three isolates representing these three genogroups were used in transmission studies with corn snakes ( Pantherophis guttatus ), and clinical signs, gross and histopathology, electronmicroscopic changes in the lungs, and isolation of bacteria from the lungs were evaluated. Analysis of the sequences supported the previous categorization of ferlaviruses into four genogroups, and criteria for definition of ferlavirus genogroups and species were established based on sequence identities (80% resp. 90%). Analysis of the ferlavirus glycoprotein models showed parallels to corresponding regions of other paramyxoviruses. The transmission studies showed clear differences in the pathogenicities of the three virus isolates used. The genogroup B isolate was the most and the group A virus the least pathogenic. Reasons for these differences were not clear based on the differences in the putative structures of their respective glycoproteins, although e.g. residue and consequential structure variation of an extended cleavage site or changes in electrostatic charges at enzyme binding sites could play a role. The presence of bacteria in the lungs of the infected animals also clearly corresponded to increased pathogenicity. This study contributes to knowledge about the structure and phylogeny of ferlaviruses and lucidly demonstrates differences in pathogenicity between strains of different genogroups.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three genetically distinct ferlaviruses have varying effects on infected corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

et al. 2019

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Viruses of Reptiles

Marschang

Meddings

Ariel

2021

Studies in Viral Ecology

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Morphological and cytochemical characteristics ofVaranus niloticus(Squamata, Varanidae) blood cells

Soliman

Abd‐Elhafeez

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Varanus niloticus is a lizard residing within the Varanidae family. To date no studies detailing its blood morphology and characteristics have been conducted. This study used histologically stained blood and bone marrow samples to visualize the cells and their characteristics. The erythrocytes were nucleated, these nuclei were located in the middle of the elliptical cells. Hemoglobin filled the erythrocyte cytoplasm. Eosinophils were large cells with lobed nuclei and spherical acidophilic granules. Large granulocytes called heterophils were present and characterized by their fusiform/ pleomorphic cytoplasmic granules. Small spherical granulocytes, known as basophils, presented with round, deeply stained metachromatic granules that gave the cytoplasm a dusty or cobblestoned appearance which was able to cover the nucleus, which in turn had an unusual shape. Thrombocytes ranged in shape from ellipsoidal to fusiform. They featured an elliptical, centrally located nucleus and a pale cytoplasm, with small vacuoles, and fine acidophilic granulation. The smallest variety of non-granular leukocytes was the lymphocytes. Their cytoplasm was sparse, finely granular, light blue, had tiny cytoplasmic projections, featuring a high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio. Larger and smaller sized populations of lymphocytes were distinguished, with the larger cells similar in size to azurophils. In general, the pleomorphic monocytes were the biggest mononuclear leucocytes, displaying cytoplasmic projections.Their nuclei were ovoid, kidney-or bean-shaped, with vacuolated and granular cytoplasms. Round cells were common among the monocytic azurophils, and they had a granular cytoplasm, and their nuclei were typically eccentric. The present research identifies the cell types and morphologies within the Varanus niloticus. Highlights• H&E, PAS, toluidine blue, methylene blue, and Safranin O stains provided morphological and morphometric descriptions of Varanus niloticus blood cells from blood smears and bone marrow.

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Morphology and Morphometry of the Lung in Corn Snakes ( Pantherophis guttatus ) Infected with Three Different Strains of Ferlavirus

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Three genetically distinct ferlaviruses have varying effects on infected corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

Three genetically distinct ferlaviruses have varying effects on infected corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

Viruses of Reptiles

Morphological and cytochemical characteristics ofVaranus niloticus(Squamata, Varanidae) blood cells

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