Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Jiang, Jiamei; Zhang, Qianqian; Warren, Alan; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.; Song, Weibo

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2009.11.003

Cited by 53 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is consistent with the very close phylogenetic kinship that links these two Euplotes species which, however, differ significantly in ecology (Jiang et al 2010;Yi et al 2012). Whereas E. raikovi lives in temperate sea waters, E. nobilii is a cold-loving (psychrophilic) species distributed in the freezing Antarctic and Arctic coastal waters .…”

Section: Euplotes Nobilii Pheromonessupporting

confidence: 63%

Ciliate pheromone structures and activity: a review

Luporini

Alimenti

Vallesi

2014

Italian Journal of Zoology

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As in animals and other multicellular organisms, protozoan ciliates communicate via diffusible signalling pheromones. These pheromones have been identified in the culture supernatant of various species. However, their isolation and definitive structural characterization have been achieved only in species of Blepharisma and Euplotes. With the exception of the two B. japonicum pheromones represented by a tryptophan-related molecule and a glycoprotein, all the other pheromones isolated from Euplotes species are proteins that vary in extension between 38 and 109 amino acids. They form species-specific families of structurally homologous members, in full accord with their multi-allelic determination at an apparently single genetic locus. The determination of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) solution structures of E. raikovi and E. nobilii pheromones has provided direct evidence that, although structurally unique, Euplotes pheromones adopt a common, speciesspecific three-helix folding. This close structural homology among members of the same family well accounts for the pheromone capacity to compete with one another in cell receptor binding reactions and elicit context-dependent, autocrine (growth-promoting) or paracrine (mating-inducing) cell responses.

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Section: Euplotes Nobilii Pheromonessupporting

confidence: 63%

Ciliate pheromone structures and activity: a review

Luporini

Alimenti

Vallesi

2014

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…Many Euplotes species have lost from one to three of the ten original cirri, as also evidenced by the vestiges still present in some species [26, 32, 64]. Little is known about the biomechanics of cirral locomotion, but the pattern shown would fit with non-adaptive losses due to drift, possibly following bottlenecks associated with speciation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and Character Evolution of the Ciliate Genus Euplotes (Spirotrichea, Euplotia), with Description of Euplotes curdsi sp. nov.

et al. 2016

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Ciliates comprise a diverse and ecologically important phylum of unicellular protists. One of the most specious and best-defined genera is Euplotes, which constitutes more than 70 morphospecies, many of which have never been molecularly tested. The increasing number of described Euplotes taxa emphasizes the importance for detailed characterizations of new ones, requiring standardized morphological observations, sequencing of molecular markers and careful comparison with previous literature. Here we describe Euplotes curdsi sp. nov., distinguishable by the combination of the following features: 45–65 μm length, oval or elongated shape with both ends rounded, narrow peristome with 25–34 adoral membranelles, conspicuous paroral membrane, double-eurystomus dorsal argyrome type, 6–7 dorsolateral kineties and 10 frontoventral cirri. Three populations of the novel species have been found in brackish and marine samples in the Mediterranean and the White Sea. We provide the SSU rRNA gene sequences of these populations, and an updated phylogeny of the genus Euplotes. Using the molecular phylogenetic tree, we inferred aspects of the biogeographical history of the genus and the evolution of its most important taxonomic characters in order to provide a frame for future descriptions. Ultimately, these data reveal recurrent trends of freshwater invasion and highlight the dynamic, yet convergent, morphological evolution of Euplotes.

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“…In relation to most hypotrichs, discocephalines share the following features: (i) Both left and right marginal rows are present and formed intrakinetally, which is typical of most hypotrichs; (ii) the oral primordium in the opisthe is generated on the cell surface, hence in epi-apokinetal mode; (iii) the left-most frontal cirrus derives from the anterior end of the undulating membrane (UM)-anlage; (iv) many frontoventral-transverse (FVT) cirral anlagen are formed, which is widely regarded to be a plesiomorphic feature shared typically by the "lower" hypotrichs, and hence not the 5-FVT-mode seen commonly in euplotids; and (v) the dorsal kinety anlagen are formed in the secondary mode [9,11,12,32]. Discocephalines show also some features characteristic of typical euplotids: (i) the caudal cirri are formed from the rightmost dorsal kineties anlagen with a multi-segmentation mode; and (ii) the development of the FVT-anlagen is of the primary type, although this feature also occurs in some lower hypotrichs [10][11][12][33][34][35]. Nevertheless, considering the developmental mode and process, discocephalines are also rather unusual, demonstrating features that occur in neither hypotrichs nor in euplotids: (i) migrating cirri are not formed, which are always derived from the right-most cirral anlage in all traditional hypotrichs; and (ii) the UM-anlage splits transversely to form the endoral and paroral membranes, whereas the UM-anlage typically splits longitudinally [5,9].…”

Section: Discocephalida Is Clearly Separated From Euplotids and Hypotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n.

Miao

Shao

Chen

et al. 2011

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids are possibly two of the most confused groups among hypotrichous/euplotid ciliates regarding their systematic position and phylogenetic relationships. The former were often regarded as related to euplotids while the latter, in the absence of molecular data, were mostly assigned to the urostylid-like hypotrichs. In the present work, the small subunit rRNA genes of several rarely observed discocephalid and pseudoamphisiellid genera were analyzed to obtain insights into the phylogenetic relationships of these highly ambiguous Spirotrichea. Four different tree reconstruction algorithms yielded nearly identical topologies, which indicated both groups belong to the same assemblage. This assemblage is clearly isolated as a deep-branching clade and invariably positioned between Euplotida and Hypotricha. The sister group relationship of the Pseudoamphisiellidae and Discocephalidae supports the previous suggestion that they might represent an ordinal taxon, the Discocephalida. Both morphological and morphogenetic features indicate that the pseudoamphisiellids should be placed in the order Discocephalida but as a sister group to other typical discocephalids. Thus we propose establishing a new suborder, Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n. The new taxon is diagnosed by the following characteristics: (i) two distantly separated midventral rows that are morphogenetically formed with an urostylid mode; (ii) absence of the "frontoterminal row", which is formed from the posterior-most frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage in all other typical urostylids; (iii) numerous caudal cirri that derive from each of the dorsal kinety anlagen; (iv) right marginal row that has a unique de novo origin; and (v) inhabiting periphytic communities. The validity of the suborder Pseudoamphisiellina is firmly supported by molecular data. Ciliophora, Discocephalida, Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n., new suborder, phylogeny, SSU rRNA gene Citation:Miao M, Shao C, Chen X M, et al. Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n

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Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Ciliate pheromone structures and activity: a review

Ciliate pheromone structures and activity: a review

Biogeography and Character Evolution of the Ciliate Genus Euplotes (Spirotrichea, Euplotia), with Description of Euplotes curdsi sp. nov.

Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n.

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