Morphology and Taxonomic Revision of &lt;I&gt;Calycera&lt;/I&gt;

Denham, Silvia S.; Gallo, Lucio Martín Zavala; Pozner, Raúl

doi:10.1600/036364414x683877

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although the Calycera group is defined by homoplastic morphological characters, it is 100% supported. Molecular data also support the inclusion of C. spinulosa as a variety of C. crassifolia (Denham & al., 2014). Species of this clade grow from Bolivia and northern Chile (only one specimen cited from Peru) to western Argentina, in Altoandina and Monte provinces, but not in Patagónica province (Fig.…”

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Morphology. -Interpretations of morphological characters used in clade descriptions were based on: Troll (1969) for the general structure of the plant; Erbar (1993), Denham & al. (2014) with modifications according to Leins & Erbar (2010) for flower morphology; and Pozner & al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) becomes particularly relevant for the description of some groups. The perianth in Calyceraceae consists of calyx, stamen-corolla tube (= hypanthium in Denham & al., 2014), and corolla (including tube and lobes, Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the geographic distribution of the Pilose clade, both reasons could explain the variable chromosome numbers in this clade. Denham & al. (2014), and based on an evaluation of fruit and flower morphology, they noted that the genus, as traditionally circumscribed, is morphologically variable.…”

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2010) updated the taxonomy of Nastanthus, delimited species, and addressed nomenclatural issues in this genus. A taxonomic revision, together with a detailed study of morphology and a critical analysis of Calycera species boundaries was performed by Denham & al. (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Calyceraceae

Denham

Zavala-Gallo

Johnson

et al. 2016

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Calyceraceae is a small family with six traditionally recognized genera and 47 species from southern South America. Most species grow along the Andes (of both Argentina and Chile) and in arid regions of the Patagonian steppe. This family belongs to the well‐supported MGCA clade within Asterales, which includes Menyanthaceae+Goodeniaceae+Calyceraceae+ Asteraceae. Calyceraceae is monophyletic and sister to Asteraceae, one of the five largest families of angiosperms. Although Calyceraceae is clearly distinct as a family, its genera are not, and taxonomic revisionary effort has confirmed the lack of sharp boundaries among genera. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Calyceraceae with a broad taxon sampling (41 of 47 species), and with sequence data from multiple regions from the nuclear (ITS) and plastid genomes (ycg6‐psbM, psbM‐trnD, trnS‐trnG, trnH‐psbA, trnD‐trnT) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We aimed at identifying monophylectic groups, their putative morphological synapomorphies and their geographical distribution; we also estimated divergence times and examined chromosomes numbers in an evolutionary context. We obtained well‐resolved and strongly supported phylogenies that show Calyceraceae to be divided into two major clades with geographically structured subclades within each. Our results indicate that an early split within Calyceraceae occurred about 27.4 Ma, probably related to differential changes in chromosome numbers, which allowed the two lineages to evolve in sympatry. We found that major natural subgroups diverged 15–12 Ma, following the Early‐Miocene South Andes construction stage. Finally, the diversification of the extant species is probably associated to Andean orogeny and climate changes in the last 5–4 Myr. We recovered Acicarpha as monophyletic, while the remaining traditionally recognized genera of Calyceraceae are para‐ or polyphyletic. Most species of Moschopis are included in the Glutinose group, but M. monocephala is more closely related to some Calycera species. Calycera is divided into two clades; the Calycera group and the Pilose group. All species of Nastanthus are placed in a well‐supported main group with species of Gamocarpha and Boopis. Gamocarpha could be monophyletic after exclusion of G. dentata and G. angustifolia, but is nested within Nastanthus and Boopis species. Boopis is clearly polyphyletic with its species distributed in all main groups.

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Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Calyceraceae

Denham

Zavala-Gallo

Johnson

et al. 2016

TAXON

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Evolution of flower morphology and a natural re‐arrangement of Calyceraceae

Pozner

Johnson

Denham

2021

TAXON

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Calyceraceae is a small South American family sister to Asteraceae. Previous phylogenetic analyses revealed that Calyceraceae genera are para‐ or polyphyletic. Fruit and inflorescence characters used historically as diagnostic in Calyceraceae taxonomy have proven unreliable in defining natural groups. Surprisingly, flower morphology does not appear in diagnoses of Calyceraceae genera, and its diversity and evolution has remained unstudied before now. Based on phylogenetic analyses using six molecular markers and an almost complete sampling of the family (43 of 46 species), we propose a taxonomic re‐arrangement of Calyceraceae. In the search for diagnostic morphological characters, we studied flower structure diversity and optimized 12 discrete characters by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood to reconstruct floral evolution in the family. Calyceraceae species are arranged in eight genera (three monotypic, five with 6 to 13 species). Two genera are new (Anachoretes, Asynthema), one is reinstated (Leucocera), with the remaining five emended (Acicarpha, Boopis, Calycera, Gamocarpha, Moschopsis). Flower morphology is notably diverse but provides only a few diagnostic features. Many floral attributes likely reflect selection for pollination or fruit dispersal rather than phylogenetic affinity. In the context of this taxonomic revision, we include a key to genera, new and emended diagnoses, and new combinations.

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