Morphology Change of Nitratine (NaNO₃) from Aqueous Solution, in the Presence of Li⁺ and K⁺ Ions

Abstract

It is usually accepted that the nitratine (NaNO3) growth morphology is built by only the {10.4} form. In a previous paper, we noticed that it can be changed by addition of selected impurities. Accordingly, a deeper study was carried out to fix the conditions for nitratine morphology change in aqueous solutions by the addition of impurities. We used standard crystallization methodologies: constant crystallization temperature (from supersaturated solutions) and slow evaporation. Both K+ and Li+ ions can modify the nitratine growth shape. Additionally, in order to understand the shape change, we studied the crystal growth rate behavior of {10.4} faces in the presence of these ions and found that it shows a sudden decrease when an impurity is added. Finally, a simple model is proposed to describe how the morphology change takes place.

Tuning Morphology in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Controlling the Crystal Habit of Lovastatin through Solvent Choice and Non-Size-Matched Polymer Additives

“…22,26,27 Examples of soluble additives in the literature include: simple inorganic ions (e.g. Li + or K + ), 28 low mass organic additives, 20,26,29,30 surfactants, 23,31,32 polymer additives (including homopolymers 22,30,33 and block co-polymers 14,15,34 ), and bio-/macromolecules. 21 For the crystallization of APIs, where the choice of additive must be restricted to compatible materials e.g.…”

“…Insoluble additives often influence nucleation and crystal growth by acting as templates or scaffolds on which heterogeneous nucleation can occur. The presence of soluble additives can also have an impact on the crystallization process and the end product crystals, either in terms of their habit, , size, − or solid form (e.g., by controlling the polymorphic form). ,, Examples of soluble additives in the literature include simple inorganic ions (e.g., Li + or K + ), low mass organic additives, ,,, surfactants, ,, polymer additives (including homopolymers, ,, and block copolymers, ,, ), and bio-/macromolecules . For the crystallization of APIs, where the choice of additive must be restricted to compatible materials, e.g., those listed on the US Food and Drug Administration’s Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) list, low mass organics, polymers, or surfactant additives are most commonly used.…”

Controlled Synthesis of Struvite Nanowires in Synthetic Wastewater

“…In fact, numerous crystallization studies have shown that foreign inorganic ions have similar effects on crystal growth of minerals as more complex organic modifiers. That is, some inorganic ions can entirely inhibit crystal growth or enhance it, while others may exert a highly selective effect on some specific crystal faces and thus modifying the crystal habit. , For instance, Wang et al studied the growth of calcite in the presence of Li + ions by in situ AFM observations, and found that the site-selective interactions between Li + ions and growing calcite surface stabilize the energetically unfavorable (001) face, leading to the development of calcite with {0001} faces . Benages-Vilau et al proved that both K + and Li + ions can modify the morphology of nitratine from simple form {10.4} to a crystallographic combination consisting of {00.1} and {10.4} forms .…”

“…50 Benages-Vilau et al proved that both K + and Li + ions can modify the morphology of nitratine from simple form {10.4} to a crystallographic combination consisting of {00.1} and {10.4} forms. 51 Suguna et al reported that high NaF concentration inhibits growth of struvite and leads to a significant reduction in the number and size of struvite crystals. 39 They speculated that the inhibition effect results from the adsorption of fluoride on crystal faces of struvite, but the exact mechanisms remain to be investigated.…”

A transferable force-field for alkali metal nitrates

“…Both carbonate and nitrate groups show disordered high temperature phases. Starting from a pure solution it is possible to grow single { } 10.4 rhombohedral crystals [15] whilst adding Li + and K + ions to the solution produces { } 00.1 crystals [16].…”