Morphology control of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer by solvent blending

He, Luze; Pan, Shuang; Peng, Juan

doi:10.1002/polb.23943

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Considering the low dielectric constant of the solvent (THF: 7.58; TB: 6.79; and 1,4‐dioxane: 2.25) and nonionizing properties of the PS and PEO blocks, the repulsion force among the polymer chains provoked by ionization is negligible . Therefore the morphology variation of the titania thin film with respect to different solvent category can be analyzed in the perspective of the polymer–solvent interaction parameter (χ)

χ_{P - S} = V_{S} {(δ_{S} - δ_{P})}^{2} / R T + 0.34

where V S and δ S are the molar volume and solubility parameter of the solvent, δ P is the solubility parameter of the polymer, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. The characteristics of the different solvents and polymers can be taken from the literature (e.g., polymer handbook; Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the low dielectric constant of the solvent (THF: 7.58; TB: 6.79; and 1,4-dioxane: 2.25) and nonionizing properties of the PS and PEO blocks, the repulsion force among the polymer chains provoked by ionization is negligible. [50] Therefore the morphology variation of the titania thin film with respect to different solvent category can be analyzed in the perspective of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter (χ) [61] χ δ δ ( )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

et al. 2020

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Various types of titania nanostructures are synthesized with a polymer‐templated sol–gel method based on the amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene‐b‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐b‐PEO) in combination with selective incorporation of the titania precursor titanium tetraisopropoxide. Custom tailoring of different types of titania morphologies is realized by changing the phase separation behavior of the PS‐b‐PEO template. Particularly, application of solvents from different categories is found to have a major impact upon the phase separation behavior of PS‐b‐PEO and the final titania film morphology. The amount of available hydrochloric acid catalyst during the gelation process is seen as an additional key factor to induce controllable morphological changes. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering measurements are carried out to study the surface and inner structure of porous titania films. Systematic analysis and comparison of different characterization results allow attributing the following three factors to the respectively formed titania nanostructure: the surface energy between PS blocks and surrounding solvent, the aggregation behavior of the titania nanoparticles, and the block‐specific selectivity of the used solvent. For all synthesized titania thin films, an anatase‐type crystallization is confirmed through X‐ray powder diffraction.

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χ_{P - S} = V_{S} {(δ_{S} - δ_{P})}^{2} / R T + 0.34

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

et al. 2020

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“…Solvent selectivity for either the PEO or P3HT block, as well as the block length, affected the resulting cylindrical morphology. PEO provided colloidal stability for a variety of morphologies including cylinder rods, nanowires, and spherical and/or cylindrical micelles . One study found that a “good solvent” for P3HT resulted in the crystallization‐driven assembly of P3HT into cylindrical micelles .…”

Section: Unique Block Copolymers and Their Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copolymers with rod-like blocks have been the focus of recent work because the rod-like moiety often involves conjugated polymers, which can be used in photovoltaic, semiconductor, and other electronics technologies. [163,164] Much of the work has been focused on controlling the morphology of the conjugated block's domain, which can be accomplished by a variety of methods, including using varying solvent quality for solution assembly, [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172] thermal history for bulk samples, [173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] and varying compositions, [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] to improve the conductive qualities of the material. Most rod-like blocks studied here are thiophene-based and were combined with either a coil block that may or may not be semi-crystalline, [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][176][177]…”

Section: Copolymers With Rod-like Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[176,178] Focusing on P3HT first, one method for controlling its morphology is solution crystallization with varying solvent quality. Many studies have been focused on PEO-b-P3HT [165][166][167][168] because PEO can help solubilize the polymer for controlled solution assembly. The assembly of these systems is driven by the precipitation of P3HT into cylindrical, or rod-like, crystals.…”

Section: Copolymers With Rod-like Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in block copolymer crystallization

Horn

Steffen

O'Connor

2018

Polymer Crystallization

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Block copolymers (BCPs) are important for technological advances in numerous industries, including but not limited to, electronics, biomedical, optics, environmental, and infrastructure. Because of their ubiquity, it is important to understand their hierarchical phase behavior to tune their macroscopic properties for efficient use. These macroscopic properties are derived from the microscopic self‐assembled structures. One unique form of hierarchical assembly exists when one or more of the polymeric blocks form lamellar crystals. These crystals are integral to understanding and predicting the macroscopic behavior. This review reports on recent advances in crystallization of BCPs, including bulk and solution assembly. Reports highlighting development in fundamental processes regarding crystallization mechanisms and behavior as well as for the design of practical applications are included.

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Key Factor Study for Amphiphilic Block Copolymer‐Templated Mesoporous SnO₂ Thin Film Synthesis: Influence of Solvent and Catalyst

Yin

Tian

Wienhold

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Nanostructured SnO 2 thin films were widely investigated during the past decades because of its wide band gap. Accordingly, they are used in various applications such as lithium-ion batteries, [1-11] solar cells, [12-20] solar water splitting, [21] gas sensing [20,22-32] and photoluminescence. [33] Methods reported in the literature for preparing nanostructured SnO 2 thin films include solvothermal synthesis, [3,34,35] reverse microemulsion synthesis, [36] sol-gel synthesis, [37-43] sputter deposition, [28,44] chemical vapor deposition, [29,33,45] electro spinning, [46] and electro deposition. [47] Among these preparation approaches, in particular the block copolymer-assisted sol-gel chemistry approach features advantages in terms of enabling a large-scale production, since most of the sol-gel reaction can be performed without complicated equipment in ambient conditions. Moreover, it is possible to assemble inorganic clusters into thin films with well-controlled crystal sizes, composition, and homogeneity. [48] For example, Brezesinski and co-authors synthesized crack-free, mesoporous SnO 2 films by using the amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene-co-butylene)block-poly(ethylene oxide) and the crystallization mechanisms as well as the mesostructural evolution were investigated by a specially constructed 2D small-angle X-ray scattering setup. [49] Roose and co-authors fabricated mesoporous SnO 2 electron selective contacts of perovskite solar cells based on the block copolymer poly(1,4-isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) to achieve stable perovskite solar cells, which showed good performance under UV light in an inert atmosphere. [15] Chi and co-authors synthesized a series of mesoporous SnO 2 thin films with the amphiphilic graft copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate), which showed significantly different gassensing performances as a function of the SnO 2 porosity. [30] Although mesoporous SnO 2 thin films prepared with block copolymer templates have shown applications in many fields, the key factors governing the final film morphology during the preparation process were rarely discussed. However, a more detailed understanding of the reaction conditions for the block copolymer-assisted sol-gel chemistry approach to synthesize As a crucial material in the field of energy storage, SnO 2 thin films are widely applied in daily life and have been in the focus of scientific research. Compared to the planar counterpart, mesoporous SnO 2 thin films with high specific surface area possess more attractive physical and chemical properties. In the present work, a novel amphiphilic block copolymer-assisted sol-gel chemistry is utilized for the synthesis of porous tin oxide (SnO 2). Two key factors for the sol-gel stock solution preparation, the solvent category and the catalyst content, are systematically varied to tune the thin film morphologies. A calcination process is performed to remove the polymer template at 500 °C in ambient conditions. The surface morphology and the buried inner structure are pro...

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Morphology control of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer by solvent blending

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

Recent progress in block copolymer crystallization

Key Factor Study for Amphiphilic Block Copolymer‐Templated Mesoporous SnO₂ Thin Film Synthesis: Influence of Solvent and Catalyst

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Morphology control of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer by solvent blending

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

Recent progress in block copolymer crystallization

Key Factor Study for Amphiphilic Block Copolymer‐Templated Mesoporous SnO2 Thin Film Synthesis: Influence of Solvent and Catalyst

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Key Factor Study for Amphiphilic Block Copolymer‐Templated Mesoporous SnO₂ Thin Film Synthesis: Influence of Solvent and Catalyst