Morphology Control of WS₂ Nanoflakes Using Chemical Vapor Deposition for Improving the Photocatalytic Activity of the WS₂/TiO₂ Heterostructure

Abstract

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the successful techniques for the synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with different morphologies, sizes, and crystal qualities, which are beneficial for different research fields and applications. However, a controllable growth of 2D tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) with different orientations and sizes is still a challenging issue. In this study, we demonstrate a controllable synthesis of WS 2 flakes by optimizing the CVD growth conditions. The results revealed that tuning the growth pressure successfully provides control over the orientation of the grown flakes. This monitoring allows for achieving vertically standing WS 2 nanoflakes, with maximum exposure to the edge active sites. Aiming for enhanced photocatalytic activity, the construction of vertical WS 2 nanoflake/TiO 2 nanorod heterostructure was obtained by optimizing the height between the precursor and the substrate, which provides control over the size of the flakes. In addition, the achieved WS 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures were evaluated as a photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation and photoelectrochemical activity (PEC).