Morphology control synthesis and photoluminescence of yttrium orthophosphate microstructures

Eu-Doped YPO4 Luminescent Nanopowders for Anticounterfeiting Applications: Tuning Morphology and Optical Properties by a Rapid Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method

“…This leads to particle shrinkage with consequent formation of mixed morphologies up to 20 min, whereas homogeneous elongated nanorods were obtained after 30 min of MW heating at 200 °C. A similar behavior was also reported by Devi et al, who observed different sizes and morphologies in the Eu 3+ :YPO 4 samples obtained with shorter reaction times, while uniform rod-like particles were obtained with longer reaction times . The same kinetic considerations could also be made for the effect of the temperature on both the size and morphology of the nanopowders.…”

“…The same kinetic considerations could also be made for the effect of the temperature on both the size and morphology of the nanopowders. It is noteworthy that the crystal growth environment, degree of supersaturation, reactant diffusion in the reaction medium, and surface energy subsequently determine the crystal growth, final crystal structure, and product shape . Our results indicate that the growth process is controlled by diffusion of the precursor species on the favorably oriented surface of the growing particles.…”

“…It is noteworthy that the crystal growth environment, degree of supersaturation, reactant diffusion in the reaction medium, and surface energy subsequently determine the crystal growth, final crystal structure, and product shape. 35 Our results indicate that the growth process is controlled by diffusion of the precursor species on the favorably oriented surface of the growing particles. The presence of a threshold size value is probably due to the competition of several concurrent processes, which can be recognized as diffusion rates of different species, crystal lattice formation, reaction kinetics, and interaction of the growing nanoparticles with the surrounding environment, which affects the predominant growth direction of the particles.…”

“…A similar behavior was also reported by Devi et al, who observed different sizes and morphologies in the Eu 3+ :YPO 4 samples obtained with shorter reaction times, while uniform rod-like particles were obtained with longer reaction times. 35 The same kinetic considerations could also be made for the effect of the temperature on both the size and morphology of the nanopowders. It is noteworthy that the crystal growth environment, degree of supersaturation, reactant diffusion in the reaction medium, and surface energy subsequently determine the crystal growth, final crystal structure, and product shape.…”

“…Up to now, several synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of these types of luminescent materials in the nanometer size range . Among these, hydrothermal, ,,,− sacrificial-template processing, coprecipitation, ,, polyol, , and sol–gel ,, methods were successfully used. However, these synthetic routes are time- and energy-consuming, and organic additives or hazardous experimental conditions are often used.…”