Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Archean Sturgeon Lake Caldera Complex, Northwestern Ontario

Hudak, G. J.; Morton, Ronald; Franklin, J. M.; Peterson, Dean M

doi:10.1029/140gm23

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Epithermal gold is associated with volcanic-plutonic arcs developed along convergent margins above subduction zones, and is emplaced at shallow crustal levels in volcanic edifices and associated volcaniclastic successions in association with crustal scale faults or volcano-tectonic structures that serve to focus hydrothermal fluid movements. Submerged hydrothermal springs can generate huge volumes of sulphides, both in crater lakes and as stratiform deposits in submerged calderas (Wright et al, 1998;Ilzasa et al, 1999;Hudak et al, 2003;Kessel and Busby, 2003). For example, Kuroko-type and Canadian Archaean base-metal ore deposits are developed in association with lava dome complexes, hyaloclastic and volcaniclastic aprons and background hemipelagic sediments of submarine felsic calderas and other volcanoes (Cas and Wright, 1987;Mueller et al, 2008).…”

Section: Economic Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Manville

Németh

Kano

2009

Sedimentary Geology

263

165

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Section: Economic Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Manville

Németh

Kano

2009

Sedimentary Geology

263

165

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“…The association of economically important volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits with these volcanic centers (e.g. Gibson et al 1999;Hudak et al 2003;Mueller et al 1994) underscores the need to know more about silicic submarine volcanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

et al. 2007

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Sumisu volcano was the site of an eruption during 30-60 ka that introduced ∼48-50 km 3 of rhyolite tephra into the open-ocean environment at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc. The resulting caldera is 8 × 10 km in diameter, has steep inner walls 550-780 m high, and a floor averaging 900 m below sea level. In the course of five research cruises to the Sumisu area, a manned submersible, two ROVs, a Deep-Tow camera sled, and dredge samples were used to study the caldera and surrounding areas. These studies were augmented by newly acquired single-channel seismic profiles and multi-beam seafloor swath-mapping. Caldera-wall traverses show that pre-caldera eruptions built a complex of overlapping dacitic and basaltic edifices, that eventually grew above sea level to form an island about 200 m high. The caldera-forming eruption began on the island and probably produced a large eruption column. We interpret that prodigious rates of tephra fallback overwhelmed the Sumisu area, forming huge rafts of floating pumice, choking the nearby water column with hyperconcentrations of slowly settling tephra, and generating pyroclastic gravity currents of water-saturated pumice that traveled downslope along the sea floor. Thick, compositionally similar pumice deposits encountered in ODP Leg 126 cores 70 km to the south could have been deposited by these gravity currents. The caldera-rim, presently at ocean depths of 100-400 m, is mantled by an extensive layer of coarse dense lithic clasts, but syn-caldera pumice deposits are only thin and locally preserved. The paucity of syncaldera pumice could be due to the combined effects of proximal non-deposition and later erosion by strong ocean currents. Post-caldera edifice instability resulted in the collapse of a 15°sector of the eastern caldera rim and the formation of bathymetrically conspicuous wavy slump structures that disturb much of the volcano's surface.

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“…None of these features have water depth implications, and cross bedding may indicate in situ reworking by bottom D r a f t currents and is not evidence for shallow water. The 1 kilometer thickness of the MB sequence requires a water depth in excess of 1.2 kilometers to account for the lack of storm wave base bed forms (>200m) (Cas and Wright, 1991;Kano et al 1996;Hudak et al 2003;Kessel and Busby 2003;Cas et al 2003;Busby 2005; McPhie 2009); however, water depth could have been much shallower if subsidence accompanied emplacement of the units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for voluminous bimodal pyroclastic volcanism during rifting of a Paleoproterozoic arc at Snow Lake, Manitoba

2017

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The thrust bounded McLeod Road -Birch Lake sequence (MB sequence) occurs within the Paleoproterozoic Snow Lake arc assemblage (SLA) of the Flin Flon Belt. Stratigraphic correlation of volcanic strata of the MB sequence with strata of the thrust bounded Chisel sequence, indicates that distinctive, submarine, eruption-fed, pyroclastic flow deposits are more extensive and voluminous than previously recognized (>10 km 3 ). These voluminous felsic pyroclastic deposits define a distinct magmatic and explosive volcanic event during bimodal volcanism that accompanied rifting of the Snow Lake arc. The felsic pyroclastic deposits define the remnants of a basin, or of nested basins, that formed during arc rifting and subsidence, and their eruption immediately preceded formation of the Chisel sequence volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Although the Chisel sequence ore interval is recognized in the MB sequence, the lack of VMS-related alteration indicates that VMS hydrothermal activity was restricted to the Chisel portion of the basin. However, the MB sequence is host to the younger Snow Lake gold mine, a 1.4M oz. (43,699kg) gold producer.The overlying MORB-like Birch Lake Basalts, if conformable with the MB sequence, may represent a progression from a rifted-arc to a back-arc setting, however if thrust fault bounded they may represent the initial phases of arc-rifting, prior to the voluminous felsic pyroclastic eruptions. Correlation and integrity of stratigraphy between the thrust bounded MB and the SLA sequences indicates that the bounding thrust faults, which developed during accretionary processes, have less regional significance than previously interpreted.

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Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Archean Sturgeon Lake Caldera Complex, Northwestern Ontario

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

Evidence for voluminous bimodal pyroclastic volcanism during rifting of a Paleoproterozoic arc at Snow Lake, Manitoba

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