Morphology effect of bioglass‐reinforced hydroxyapatite (Bonelike^®) on osteoregeneration

Abstract

In the last decades, the well-known disadvantages of autografts and allografts have driven to the development of synthetic bone grafts for bone regeneration. Bonelike(®) , a glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was developed and registered for bone grafting. This biomaterial is composed by a modified HA matrix, with α- and β-tricalcium phosphate secondary phases. Aiming to improve the biological characteristics of Bonelike(®) , new spherical pelleted granules, of different shape and size, were developed with controlled micro and macrostructure. In the present study, it was compared the physicochemical properties and in vivo performance of different Bonelike(®) granule presentations-Bonelike(®) polygonal (500-1000 µm size) and Bonelike spherical (250-500 µm; 500-1000 µm size). For the in vivo study, Bonelike(®) was implanted on sheep femurs, with various implantation times (30 days, 60 days, 120 days, and 180 days). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phase composition of different granules presentations was similar. Bonelike(®) spherical 500-1000 µm was the most porous material (global porosity and intraporosity) and Bonelike(®) polygonal 500-1000 µm the less porous. Considering the in vivo study, both polygonal and spherical granules presented osteoconductive proprieties. The spherical granules showed several advantages, including easier medical application through syringe and improved osteointegration, osteoconduction, and degradation, by the presence of larger pores, controlled micro- and macrosctructure and suitable particle format that adapts to bone growth. Bonelike(®) spherical 500-1000 µm showed improved new bone invasion throughout the material's structure and Bonelike(®) spherical 250-500 µm appeared to induce faster bone regeneration, presenting less unfilled areas and less lacunae in the histological analysis.

In vivo systemic toxicity assessment of an oxidized dextrin‐based hydrogel and its effectiveness as a carrier and stabilizer of granular synthetic bone substitutes

“…[20][21][22] Specifically, in bone regeneration procedures where synthetic bone grafts are used, an injectable carrier and/or granules stabilizer matrix may ease the clinical application/handling of grafts or drugs, promoting a suitable environment for regeneration. 73 BL is a three-phase material, consisting of αand β-TCP phases homogeneously dispersed in the HAP matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties and enhanced bioactivity, compared to the commercial HAP. 73 BL is a three-phase material, consisting of αand β-TCP phases homogeneously dispersed in the HAP matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties and enhanced bioactivity, compared to the commercial HAP.…”

“…9 In this work, HG was combined with glass-reinforced HAP particles (250-500 μm), registered as Bonelike. 73,74 Furthermore, the presence of glass in this formulation allows the introduction of several ions into BL composition, such as magnesium, fluoride, and sodium, making it possible to achieve a chemical composition closer to the mineral phase of the bone. 73,74 Furthermore, the presence of glass in this formulation allows the introduction of several ions into BL composition, such as magnesium, fluoride, and sodium, making it possible to achieve a chemical composition closer to the mineral phase of the bone.…”

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications

“…142,207,233,234 Bonelike V R grafts in particulated form have been also successfully employed in several clinical applications, namely in maxillofacial and oral surgery, orthopaedics, and implantology. [235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245] Radiological and histological investigations demonstrated that such composite is highly bioactive, it is rapidly osteointegrated after implantation and it resorbs at a rate that is compatible with the new bone formation. Moreover, Bonelike V R proved to support the adhesion, proliferation, and phenotypic expression of human endothelial cells, therefore it could be a promising candidate for preendothelialization protocols in the bone tissue engineering framework.…”

Repair of a critical‐size segmental rabbit femur defect using bioglass‐β‐TCP monoblock, a vascularized periosteal flap and BMP‐2

“…Various synthetic bone substitutes have been developed to overcome these limitations with, to some extent, good clinical effect. Unfortunately, almost all of these substitutes have only been used to refill small cavitary defects in the clinic . In the absence of localized morphogenetic cellular stimuli, the multicellular processes necessary for bone formation cannot be easily induced .…”