The quantification of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), an in vivo biomarker of nitrosative stress, is indispensable
for the clinical intervention of various inflammatory disorders caused
by nitrosative stress. By integrating the unique features of BiVO4 and MoS2 with matching bandgap energies, electrode
materials with amplified response signals can be developed. In this
regard, we introduce a hydrothermally synthesized bismuth vanadate
sheathed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@BiVO4) heterojunction
as a highly sensitive electrode material for the determination of
NO2-Tyr. Excellent electrochemical behavior perceived for
the MoS2@BiVO4 augments the performance of the
sensor and allows the measurement of NO2-Tyr in biological
media without any time-consuming pretreatments. The synergistic interactions
between BiVO4 and MoS2 heterojunctions contribute
to low resistance charge transfer (R
ct = 159.13 Ω·cm2), a reduction potential E
pc = −0.58 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and a good
response range (0.001–526.3 μM) with a lower limit of
detection (0.94 nM) toward the detection of NO2-Tyr. An
improved active surface area, reduced charge recombination, and high
analyte adsorption contribute to the high loading of the biomarker
for improved selectivity (in the presence of 10 interfering compounds),
operational stability (1000 s), and reproducibility (six various modified
electrodes). The proposed sensor was successfully utilized for the
real-time determination of NO2-Tyr in water, urine, and
saliva samples with good recovery values (±98.94–99.98%),
ascertaining the reliability of the method. It is noteworthy that
the electrochemical activity remains unaffected by other redox interferons,
thus leading to targeted sensing applications.