Morphology Engineering of Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrodes from Hierarchical Stem-like Carbon Networks with Flower-like MoS₂ Structures

Abstract

There is a critical need to develop high-performance supercapacitors that can complement and even rival batteries for energy storage. This work introduces a strategy to drastically enhance the energy storage performance of a supercapacitor by engineering electrode morphologies with ternary composites offering distinct benefits for the energy storage application. The electrodes were fabricated with conductive networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with a zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) for high ion diffusivity and ion-accumulating molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) with various morphologies. These include flower-like (fMoS 2 ), stacked-plate (pMoS 2 ), and exfoliated-flake (eMoS 2 ) structures from topochemical synthesis. CNT-ZIF-fMoS 2 demonstrates an excellent energy density, reaching almost 80 Wh/kg, and a maximum power density of approximately 3000 W/ kg in a half-cell. This is far superior to the electrodes containing pMoS 2 and eMoS 2 and attributed to the increased surface area and the faradaic reactivity offered by fMoS 2 . Additionally, the CNT-ZIF-fMoS 2 electrode demonstrates exceptional stability with an ∼78% of capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles. This work suggests that the electrode morphologies can dominate the energy storage behaviors and that the heteromaterial approach may be crucial in designing nextgeneration supercapacitors.

The Role of Cobalt Ferrites Nanoparticles on Structural and Electrochmical Properties of Mesoporous Silica for Supercapacitor Applications

“…The test was examined in a 1.0 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. To assess the electrochemical performance, specific capacitance (Cs) in F. g -1 was determined from cyclic voltammetry curves (CV) using equation (1). Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) curves were also employed, and specific capacitance was calculated using equation (2).…”

“…These SCs offer superior power density, excellent stability with high cyclability, and long cycle life. Furthermore, they have surfaced as a novel trend in electrochemical energy storage systems, serving to bridge the gap between the constraints of batteries and fuel cells [1]. Supercapacitors can be categorized into two primary mechanisms.…”

Sputtered thin film deposited laser induced graphene based novel micro-supercapacitor device for energy storage application

“…The consolidated advantage of both can be enjoyed in a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) which takes in the longevity and recyclability from EDLC and the contribution of additional Faradaic current to the overall capacitance value 4 – 6 . In general, composite materials are used for the development of HSC 7 , 8 . It is highly desirable to retain the qualities of the individual components in HSC and the ductility for using the resultant material in flexible devices 1 – 3 , 7 , 8 .…”

“…In general, composite materials are used for the development of HSC 7 , 8 . It is highly desirable to retain the qualities of the individual components in HSC and the ductility for using the resultant material in flexible devices 1 – 3 , 7 , 8 .…”

“…Additionally, optimizing specific capacitance while ensuring stability and reliability remains a problem since graphene-based materials suffer from low energy density 11 . On the other hand, metal oxides of transition metals have widely been used as the redox-active component 7 , 8 . They can substantially increase the Faradaic current and strengthen the ion reachability for being ionic in nature but possess a different drawback of high charge transfer resistance and sheet resistance.…”