Morphology evaluation of a polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction ensemble generated by the fullerene derivatization

Kästner, Christian; Susarova, Diana K.; Jadhav, Rupali; Ulbricht, Christoph; Egbe, Daniel Ayuk Mbi; Rathgeber, Silke; Troshin, Pavel A.; Hoppe, Harald

doi:10.1039/c2jm32629a

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We hypothesize that the energetic position of the CT transition of donor–acceptor bulk heterojunctions depends directly on the interfacial order of the two phase domains and can thus be probed by a combination of photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence spectroscopy . This hypothesis is illustrated schematically in Figure for the case of organic donor–acceptor heterojunctions, in which both of the constituting materials are able to form either ordered (crystalline) or disordered (amorphous) phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revelation of Interfacial Energetics in Organic Multiheterojunctions

et al. 2016

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Efficient charge generation via exciton dissociation in organic bulk heterojunctions necessitates donor–acceptor interfaces, e.g., between a conjugated polymer and a fullerene derivative. Furthermore, aggregation and corresponding structural order of polymer and fullerene domains result in energetic relaxations of molecular energy levels toward smaller energy gaps as compared to the situation for amorphous phases existing in homogeneously intermixed polymer:fullerene blends. Here it is shown that these molecular energy level shifts are reflected in interfacial charge transfer (CT) transitions and depending on the existence of disordered or ordered interfacial domains. It can be done so by systematically controlling the order at the donor–acceptor interface via ternary blending of semicrystalline and amorphous model polymers with a fullerene acceptor. These variations in interfacial domain order are probed with luminescence spectroscopy, yielding various transition energies due to activation of different recombination channels at the interface. Finally, it is shown that via this analysis the energy landscape at the organic heterojunction interface can be obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revelation of Interfacial Energetics in Organic Multiheterojunctions

et al. 2016

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“…The AFM images suggest that in films cast from solutions with methanol additive the PCBM is segregated to the free surface, moreover in PCBM-loaded films, the PCBM nanoclusters are also covered by another polymer "skin" layer [59], [60], [61]. It is further interesting to note that in case of the methanol modified blend casting, a vivid substructure in the phase image hints to a fibrillary organization of the polymer [62]within the larger domains -a good agreement with higher aggregation of the polymer from solution. To gain insight into the impact of crystallinity and phase separation in the blend of optoelectronic properties of the bulk-heterojunction, solar cells were fabricated with and without the addition of 5 vol.-% methanol to the solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Controlling donor crystallinity and phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells by the introduction of orthogonal solvent additives

et al. 2018

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The bulk heterojunction morphology of organic solar cells widely controls their device efficiency and stability. Structural order and domain size of the donor phase strongly impact the charge separation efficiency, recombination rates, and the hole percolation through the bulk to the electrode. Herewith, we report a comprehensive study on the control of polymeric order already initiated in solution by the introduction of orthogonal solvent additives to the common solution of anthracene containing poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(pphenylene-vinylene) (PPE-PPV) copolymer, bearing statistically substituted linear octyloxy and 2-ethylhexyloxy side-chains in 1:1 ratio along the backbone (AnE-PVstat), and fullerene derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The first solvent, a 1:1 blend of chlorobenzene and chloroform, had been discovered to promote phase separation in solution and deposited films. This effect could be further enhanced and was precisely controlled by addition of methanol to the common solution in various volume fractions. Thus the ability to transfer the polymer aggregates from the solution into films was applied to solar cells and is investigated in detail.

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“…Few other examples proving that supramolecular assembling of different fullerene derivatives and conjugated polymers in the blends is governed by the relative solubility of the materials were reported recently [106][107][108][109][110][111]. It should be emphasized that varying the solvents, applying thermal or solvent vapor annealing, using processing additives and playing with other film processing conditions alter mainly the kinetics of the blend formation.…”

Section: Fullerene Derivatives Formentioning

confidence: 94%

Research in the Field of Organic Photovoltaics at the Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences

Troshin

2015

Organic Photonics and Photovoltaics

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In the present review we highlight the main research activities in the field of organic photonics and photovoltaics at the Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS). Extensive investigation of optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated organic compounds performed at IPCP RAS since 1960's resulted in design of many exciting materials representing organic semiconductors, metals and superconductors. Organic Schottky barrier and p/n junction photovoltaic devices constructed at IPCP RAS in 1960's and 1970's were among the first examples of reasonably efficient organic solar cells at that time. These early discoveries inspired younger generations of the researchers to continue the work of their mentors and explore the world of organic materials and photonic devices such as molecular photonic switches, organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, photodetectors, photoswitchable organic field-effect transistors and memory elements.

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Morphology evaluation of a polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction ensemble generated by the fullerene derivatization

Cited by 29 publications

References 56 publications

Revelation of Interfacial Energetics in Organic Multiheterojunctions

Revelation of Interfacial Energetics in Organic Multiheterojunctions

Controlling donor crystallinity and phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells by the introduction of orthogonal solvent additives

Research in the Field of Organic Photovoltaics at the Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences

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