Morphology, microstructure and compatibility of impact polypropylene copolymer

Zhang, Chunhui; Shangguan, Yonggang; Chen, Ruifen; Wu, Yue; Chen, Feng; Zheng, Qiang; Hu, Guohua

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.021

Cited by 113 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Early studies on IPC showed that it has complex composition and phase structure. [5][6][7] That is, in addition to the main components of crystalline iPP and amorphous ethylenepropylene random copolymer (EPR), there also exist some partially crystalline ethylene-propylene block copolymers (EPBs) with varying segmental lengths, and all of these components combine into a complex core-shell multilayer structure. So far, the most concerned topic in the research of IPC is clarifying the origination of its excellent rigidity-toughness balance property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nucleation on the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer: From the sight of phase morphology

Dong

Feng

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Influence of a-and b-nucleation on brittleductile transition temperature (BDTT) of impact-resistant polypropylene copolymers (IPCs) and their phase morphologies were comparatively investigated. Impact test showed that the BDTT of b-nucleated IPC (b-IPC) is $ 24 C lower than that of a-nucleated one (a-IPC). Structural characterizations including atomic force and scanning electron microscopic observations, small angle X-ray scattering examination, and dynamical mechanical analysis revealed that dispersion of the ethylene-propylene random copolymer-rich (EPR-rich) phase was finer in b-IPC in comparison with that in a-IPC. For the reason of looser lamellar arrangement, the portion of EPR-rich components included in the interlamellar region of b-IPC was higher than those of a-IPC, which led to improved mobility for the amorphous polypropylene chains. It was proposed that the finer distribution of EPR-rich phase, which might result from faster growth rate of the b-crystal and looser lamellar arrangement of b-spherulite, should be responsible for the improved impact-resistance and lower BDTT in b-IPC samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nucleation on the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer: From the sight of phase morphology

Dong

Feng

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[ 2 ] The regular hiPP powder morphology (i.e., regular particle shape, narrow particle size distribution, homogeneous distribution of EPR phase in iPP matrix) contributes to the high reactor throughput and good hiPP powder processability. Many works focus on the morphology of the fi nal hiPP material in the molded or extruded form [3][4][5][6][7] but the characteristic application properties of hiPP are strongly infl uenced directly in the polymerization process. Although a number of papers dealing with the particle morphology after the fi rst (homopolymerization) stage [8][9][10][11] and after the second (copolymerization) stage [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] were published, important questions related to hiPP particle multiphase morphology and its evolution are still open.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Distribution of Rubbery Phase in High Impact Poly(propylene) Particles

Smolná

Gregor

Buráň

et al. 2016

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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in inducing crazing and/or shear yield of the isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) matrix. However, if the dimension of the rubbery domain in the iPP matrix is smaller than the size of the fracture ligament curvature then the rubbery domain is not able to stop the crack propagation. Thus, Jang et al. suggested that the optimal size of EPR domain is 0.5 μm. [ 2 ] The regular hiPP powder morphology (i.e., regular particle shape, narrow particle size distribution, homogeneous distribution of EPR phase in iPP matrix) contributes to the high reactor throughput and good hiPP powder processability. Many works focus on the morphology of the fi nal hiPP material in the molded or extruded form [3][4][5][6][7] but the characteristic application properties of hiPP are strongly infl uenced directly in the polymerization process. Although a number of papers dealing with the particle morphology after the fi rst (homopolymerization) stage [8][9][10][11] and after the second (copolymerization) stage [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] were published, important questions related to hiPP particle multiphase morphology and its evolution are still open. This paper reconstructs the principle of rubber incorporation in high impact poly(propylene) (hiPP) particles. The detailed information about the pores and rubber distribution inside and on the surface of hiPP particles is obtained by micro-computed tomography and atomic force microscopy. The strong effect of homopolymer origin on hiPP particle morphology and rubber distribution is demonstrated. To obtain the most homogeneous rubber distribution, the low homopolymer porosity is required. The initial particle porosity has a negligible effect on the thickness of the rubber layer on the particle surface at the medium rubber content. The rubber forms not only along the iPP primary particles and directly or close to the pores but also on or close to the particle surface rather than it fl ows there. The evidence for these claims is based on the systematic investigation in dependence on EPR content, homopolymer particle porosity (prepared by different catalysts) and antistatic agent deactivating catalyst close to particle surface.

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“…3 The final IPC product is a multicomponent, multiphase polyolefin system consisting of isotactic PP (IPP), amorphous ethylene propylene random copolymers (EPR), and semicrystalline ethylene propylene segmented copolymers (EPS). [3][4][5][6] Because of a favorable ratio of polymer properties to process economics, IPC is increasingly used in automobile parts and appliances in replacement of traditional expensive engineering plastics. Nevertheless, it is always challenging to further enlarge the properties window and improve the stiffness-toughness balance of IPC to meet everdemanding applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chain structures of EPR and in particular those of EPS have strong impact on the phase separation and final mechanical properties of IPC. 4,[7][8][9][10][11][12] However, it is difficult for a conventional TSPP to tune the molecular architecture of the EPR and EPS in an independent manner because of the inherent nature of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Very often the size of the dispersed phase domains is too large and its distribution nonuniform.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An atmosphere‐switching polymerization process: A novel strategy to advanced polyolefin materials

Tian

et al. 2013

AIChE Journal

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Significance: We report on a novel atmosphere-switching polymerization process (ASPP) that produces advanced polyolefin materials with high performance in a single polymerization reactor through unique monomer feeding policies. In the ASPP, each polymer particle is exposed to "atmosphere A" and "atmosphere B" in an alternating manner and time and again. As a result, "polymer A" and "polymer B" are formed within the polymer particle in an alternating manner and time and again too. Two types of polypropylene (PP) in-reactor alloys are prepared: impact polypropylene copolymers (IPCs) with an exceptional stiffness-toughness balance and soft polypropylene alloys (SPPs) with well-defined, high-rubber content sticking-free particles.

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Morphology, microstructure and compatibility of impact polypropylene copolymer

Cited by 113 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of nucleation on the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer: From the sight of phase morphology

Influence of nucleation on the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer: From the sight of phase morphology

Formation and Distribution of Rubbery Phase in High Impact Poly(propylene) Particles

An atmosphere‐switching polymerization process: A novel strategy to advanced polyolefin materials

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