Morphology of highly porous conducting polyaniline nanofibres synthesized in a multi-phase system

Varying the degree of oxidation of graphite: effect of oxidation time and oxidant mass

“…The diffraction angle in this case is 2y = 11.01 + 0.51 corresponding to an interlayer distance of d 001 = 8.1 AE 0.3 Å. 22,23,51,52 Furthermore, there is no trace of a peak at the diffraction angle corresponding to the existence of graphite; the latter in conjunction with the increased interlayer distance indicates that the materials have been fully oxidized and that all sheets possess the maximum amount of oxygen groups. Aside from the interlayer distance of the periodic structure obtained from the position of the main diffraction peak, one can calculate the average size of the graphene oxide assembly and therefore the number of layers in each crystallite.…”

“…In the region between 220 and 300 1C, the weight loss is associated with the removal of the more stable oxygen moieties such as the carboxyl (COOH) and epoxy groups (C-O-C). 23,51,52,54,55 Finally, at higher temperatures, a weak weight loss is initiated, corresponding to the pyrolysis of the carbon skeleton that is completed at temperatures outside the range of the performed measurements. 54,55 A common feature that can be observed in all samples prepared with 2 g of oxidant is that they display almost the same % weight loss with only minor deviations.…”

“…All samples demonstrate a strong exothermal peak that corresponds to their reduction, in agreement with previous literature results. 22,23,52,53 The maximum of each peak can provide the corresponding reduction temperature, T r , whereas the integral under each peak represents the respective reduction enthalpy, DH. In analogy with the discussion concerning the periodic structure of these materials, at a constant amount of oxidant, both the reduction temperature and the reduction enthalpy do not show any appreciable dependence on the oxidation time, because they can be determined to be T r = 212 AE 4 1C and DH = 337 AE 15 cal g À1 , respectively.…”

Potash alum doped polyaniline: Structure and properties

“…In the recent years, Polyaniline (PANI) has received considerable attention due to its straight forward polymerization, low synthetic cost, envi ronmental stability, relatively high conductivity as well as potential applications in electronic devices, batteries, sensors, anticorrosion coatings, electro magnetic shielding, antistatic protection and elec troluminescent materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A unique feature of this phenylene based polymer is that its electronic conductivity can be tuned reversibly by both oxida tion/reduction and acid/base chemistries [11,12].…”