Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin

Twichell, David C.; Chaytor, Jason D.; Brink, Uri S. ten; Buczkowski, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009

Cited by 136 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These tsunami generating zones are split in two parts: in one hand, the active zones, represented by convergent plate boundaries: the Antilles subduction zone for the western side of the Atlantic, which generated several local or regional tsunamis as for example the 1867 Virgin Islands event (Zahibo et al, 2003;Barkan and ten Brink, 2010), and the Iberian Peninsula fault system for the eastern side, especially known because of the 1755 "Lisbon" tsunami, which was historically recorded at lots of locations in the Northern Atlantic Ocean including the Lesser Antilles (Barkan et al, 2009;Roger et al, 2010a, b, c). On the other hand passive zones like the Northeastern American margin experienced intraplate earthquakes and margin destabilizations leading to landslides triggering tsunamis (Driscoll et al, 2000;Twichell et al, 2009;Tappin, 2010). As an example, the 1929 Grand Banks M w ∼ 7.2 earthquake was followed by a transoceanic tsunami recorded further at Portuguese coastal tide gages (Fine et al, 2005;Ruffman and Hann, 2006), related afterward to a submarine landslide triggered by the seismic shaking.…”

Section: Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a tsunami generated at the Lesser Antilles subduction zone on the Northern Atlantic Ocean coastlines

Roger

Frère²,

Hébert

2014

Adv. Geosci.

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Abstract. On 11 March 2011, a M w ∼ 9.0 megathrust earthquake occurred off the coast of Tohoku, triggering a catastrophic tsunami reaching heights of 10 m and more in some places and resulting in lots of casualties and destructions. It is one of a handful of catastrophic tsunamis having occurred during the last decade, following the 2004 Indonesian tsunami, and leading to the preparation of tsunami warning systems and evacuation plans all around the world. In the Atlantic Ocean, which has been struck by two certified transoceanic tsunamis over the past centuries (the 1755 "Lisbon" and 1929 Grand Banks events), a warning system is also under discussion, especially for what concerns potential tsunamigenic sources off Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the Lesser Antilles subduction zone is also potentially able to generate powerful megathrust ruptures as the 8 February 1843 M w ∼ 8.0/8.5 earthquake, that could trigger devastating tsunamis propagating across the Northern Atlantic Ocean. The question is in which conditions these tsunamis could be able to reach the Oceanic Islands as well as the eastern shores of the Atlantic Ocean, and what could be the estimated times to react and wave heights to expect? This paper attempts to answer those questions through the use of numerical modelings and recent research results about the Lesser Antilles ability to produce megathrust earthquakes.

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Section: Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a tsunami generated at the Lesser Antilles subduction zone on the Northern Atlantic Ocean coastlines

Roger

Frère²,

Hébert

2014

Adv. Geosci.

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“…Earthquakes are recognized as the main SMF trigger (e.g. Bugge 1983;Laberg et al 2000), but other mechanisms include salt movement, storm wave loading and low tides (Prior et al 1982a,b;Twichell et al 2009). Triggers, such as increases in sediment pore pressures and hydrate destabilization, are more controversial (see discussion in Dugan &Stigall (2009) andGrozic (2009)).…”

Section: Submarine Mass Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Off the US margin, however, 55 SMFs have been identified (Chaytor et al 2007;Twichell et al 2009) (Embley & Jacobi 1986).…”

Section: Ii) Glacially Influenced Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine mass failures as tsunami sources: their climate control

Tappin

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Recent research on submarine mass failures (SMFs) shows that they are a source of hazardous tsunamis, with the tsunami magnitude mainly dependent on water depth of failure, SMF volume and failure mechanism, cohesive slump or fragmental landslide. A major control on the mechanism of SMFs is the sediment type, together with its post-depositional alteration. The type of sediment, fine- or coarse-grained, its rate of deposition together with post-depositional processes may all be influenced by climate. Post-depositional processes, termed sediment ‘preconditioning’, are known to promote instability and failure. Climate may also control the triggering of SMFs, for example through earthquake loading or cyclic loading from storm waves or tides. Instantaneous triggering by other mechanisms such as fluid overpressuring and hydrate instability is controversial, but is here considered unlikely. However, these mechanisms are known to promote sediment instability. SMFs occur in numerous environments, including the open continental shelf, submarine canyon/fan systems, fjords, active river deltas and convergent margins. In all these environments there is a latitudinal variation in the scale of SMFs. The database is limited, but the greatest climate influence appears to be in high latitudes where glacial/interglacial cyclicity has considerable control on sedimentation, preconditioning and triggering. Consideration of the different types of SMFs in the context of their climate controls provides additional insight into their potential hazard in sourcing tsunamis. For example, in the Atlantic, where SMFs are common, the tsunami hazard under the present-day climate may not be as great as their common occurrence suggests.

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“…In the wake of the 1998 Sissano event, numerous studies investigated the distribution of submarine landslides along continental slopes, islands and bathymetric highs, as well as their tsunamigenic potential (Canals et al, 2004;Masson et al, 2006;McAdoo et al, 2000;Chaytor et al, 2009;Twichell et al, 2009;Mulder et al, 2009;Tappin, 2010;Iacono et al, 2014;Urgeles and Camerlenghi, 2013;Macías et al, 2015;Palomino et al, 2016;Rodriguez et al, 2012Rodriguez et al, , 2013Rodriguez et al, , 2017. Submarine landslide-generated tsunamis display specific characteristics com-5 pared to other sources (Trifunac and Todorovska, 2002;Harbitz et al, 2006Harbitz et al, , 2014.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

Janin¹,

Rodriguez²,

Sakellariou³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent earthquakes of magnitude up to M w ∼ 7.This seismicity can be a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than 50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a Holocene landslide (1.85 km 3 in volume) identified off Thasos island. We use a model coupling the simu-5 lation of the submarine landslide, assimilated to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 m and 1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupolis (58.000 inhabitants) one hour after the triggering of the landslide. In the same way, tsunamis waves of water height between 0.80 m and 2.00 m reach the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of the landslide. Landslide tsunamis should not be neglected as a potential source of tsunami in the area. Despite numerous earthquakes of M w > 7 and strong 10 detrital input (on the order of 30 cm.ka −1 ), only a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking the question of the relationships between seismicity and landslide frequency in the area.

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Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin

Cited by 136 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of a tsunami generated at the Lesser Antilles subduction zone on the Northern Atlantic Ocean coastlines

Impact of a tsunami generated at the Lesser Antilles subduction zone on the Northern Atlantic Ocean coastlines

Submarine mass failures as tsunami sources: their climate control

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

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