Morphology of lingual papillae in the Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

Abstract

The Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) belongs to the genus Herpestes, order Carnivora, a species that lives in diverse habitats, such as rainforests, agricultural areas and rice paddies. This species mainly feeds on other vertebrates, including insects, arachnids, molluscs, fish, reptiles, birds and small mammals (Chutipong et al., 2016). Their diet also includes various types of fruit (Haligur et al., 2020).Overall, Herpestidae comprise 33 species from 14 genera, with only one genus (Herpestes) occurring in Asia (Wozencraft, 2005).Previous molecular studies on Herpestidae suggested the existence of two main clades: (1) true social mongooses (Crossarchus, Helogale, Liberiictis, Mungos and Suricata) and (2) solitary mongooses (i.e. the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata). Furthermore, these studies suggest a single origin of eusociality (Flynn et al., 2005;Perez et al., 2006;Veron et al., 2004). The molecular analysis also highlights that Herpestes are not monophyletic by demonstrating

Tongue microarchitecture and functional characterization of the lingual papillae in the desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus)

“…The existence of a thick keratinized layer over the filiform papillae and the apparent loss of taste buds strongly suggest its mechanical role. Similar structural adaptations have been reported in the rakali and greater stick-nest rat (Humphries et al, 2023), the lesser bamboo rat (Wannaprasert et al, 2020), the Javan mongoose (Kusuma et al, 2022), the Nile grass rat and the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (Massoud & Abumandour, 2019). The thickness of the keratinized covering and its proportion to the total thickness of the tongue epithelium is the highest at the lingual apex.…”

“…No foliate type was recognized in our investigation. Similarly, foliate papillae were not recognized in Brandt's hedgehog and the long‐eared hedgehog (Goodarzi & Azarhoosh, 2016; Massoud & Abumandour, 2019), Javan mongoose (Kusuma et al, 2022), common opossum (Okada & Schraufnagel, 2005), and ocelot (Freire et al, 2019).…”

“…Previous studies reported that the number of circumvallate papillae varies among species depending on the nature of food materials that animals consume (Abumandour et al, 2022; Akbari et al, 2018). It was not recognized in guinea pigs and has the foliate type instead (Kobayashi, 1990), single in rats (Humphries et al, 2023), two in the bamboo rat (Wannaprasert et al, 2020), three in most carnivores such that documented in the Javan mongoose (Kusuma et al, 2022), opossum [54], two in silver fox (Freire et al, 2019), two in insectivorous bats (Massoud & Abumandour, 2020), and three in the fruit‐eating bat (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2013). The ruminants such as goats, sheep, and cattle, possess greater numbers ranging from 12 to 18, 18 to 24, and 16 to 34, respectively (Selim & Samir, 2018).…”

The Structure of the Lingual Papillary of the Asian Palm Civet’s ( Paradoxurus hermaphorditus ): The Analysis of Feeding Habit Adaption using Gross-Morphometric, Scanning Electron Microscope, Light Microscope (Histochemistry Staining)

“…Many studies on the dorsal surface of animal tongues have been carried out such as the fruit bat Rousettus ampelxicaudatus (Gunawan et al, 2019), the insect bat Pipistrellus javanicus (Saragih et al, 2020), the flying squirrel Hylopetes platyurus (Wihadmadyatami et al, 2020), the flying squirrel Tupaia javanica (Gartiwa et al, 2021), sugar glider Petaurus breviceps , and javan mongoose Herpestes Javanicus (Kusuma et al, 2022). These studies provide evidence of variation in papillary morphology and distribution.…”