Morphology of micron‐sized, monodisperse, nonspherical polystyrene/poly(<i>n</i>‐butyl methacrylate) composite particles produced by seeded dispersion polymerization

Okubo, Masayoshi; Miya, T.; Minami, Hideto; Takekoh, Ryu

doi:10.1002/app.10158

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the preparation of various polymeric nonspherical particles has been reported (e.g., "raspberry like" [1][2][3], "mushroom like" [4], "flying saucers" [5], "disk like" [6], "hemisphere" [7], and so forth). Several techniques have been developed to prepare these particles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], among which seeded dispersion polymerization (SDP) has many advantages compared with the others. Recently, Okubo et al prepared nonspherical particles ("golf ball-like" poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles [8] and "disk-like" polystyrene (PS) particles [9,10]) via SDP in the presence of organic solvent droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of nonspherical particles via dual-seeded dispersion polymerization in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets

et al. 2012

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In this study, the effect of various polymerization conditions on the shape of the particles produced by dualseeded dispersion polymerization of a second monomer with polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) seed particles in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets in a polar media was discussed. It was observed that with changing the affinity between the hydrocarbon and PS seed particles, second monomer type, polarity, and alcohol type of the medium nonspherical particles with a variety of shapes can be produced. Furthermore, we suggested that the presence of PMMA seed particles in the medium affects the distribution of the second polymer domains on the surface of the PS seed particles in addition to the absorbed amount of the hydrocarbon by PS particles and second polymer domains and the distribution of the hydrocarbon between them. Moreover, the experimental results showed that almond shell-like PS particles can be prepared under certain conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of nonspherical particles via dual-seeded dispersion polymerization in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets

et al. 2012

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“…This may be caused by differences in partition of styrene between the PS particles and ionic liquid and in critical chain length of PS in the medium. [22,23] The number-average molecular weight (M n ) of PS prepared in ionic liquid (M n ¼ 4. À4 at 60 8C, [24] i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Composite Polymer Particles by Seeded Dispersion Polymerization in Ionic Liquids

Minami

Yoshida

Okubo

2009

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: Submicron-sized monodisperse PS particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization of styrene in ionic liquids with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as stabilizer. Seeded dispersion polymerization of MMA was subsequently carried out with PS seeds in [Bmim] [BF 4 ] to prepare PS/PMMA composite particles. Observation of the obtained particles of ultrathin cross-sections with a scanning and transmission electron microscope revealed that no secondary nucleation occurred during the seeded dispersion polymerization and that the particles have a core-shell morphology consisting of a PS core and a PMMA shell. Successful preparation of PS/PMMA composite particles in an ionic liquid has thus been demonstrated. Moreover, PS/PAA (PS-core/PAA-shell) composite particles were prepared by seeded dispersion polymerization in [DEME][TFSI], illustrating that hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite particles can be readily prepared in the ionic liquid.

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“…[117][118][119][120][121][122] The particle morphology is either thermodynamically [123][124][125][126][127] or kinetically [128][129][130][131] controlled-thermodynamic factors favor the morphology with the lowest free energy (as determined by the interfacial tensions between the polymer/polymer phases and the continuous medium/polymers), whereas the kinetically controlled morphology is obtained when kinetic factors prevent the equilibrium morphology from forming. Morphological aspects of CLRP in dispersed systems have recently been reviewed.…”

Section: Particle Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled/living heterogeneous radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide

Zetterlund

Aldabbagh

Okubo

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

105

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly medium for radical polymerizations. ScCO 2 is suited for heterogeneous controlled/living radical polymerizations (CLRPs), since the monomer, initiator, and control reagents (nitroxide, etc.) are soluble, but the polymer formed is insoluble beyond a critical degree of polymerization (J crit ). The precipitated polymer can continue growing in (only) the particle phase giving living polymer of controlled well-defined microstructure. The addition of a colloidal stabilizer gives a dispersion polymerization with well-defined colloidal particles being formed. In recent years, nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization have all been conducted as heterogeneous polymerizations in scCO 2 . This Highlight reviews this recent body of work, and describes the unique characteristics of scCO 2 that allows composite particle formation of unique morphology to be achieved.

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Morphology of micron‐sized, monodisperse, nonspherical polystyrene/poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) composite particles produced by seeded dispersion polymerization

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation of nonspherical particles via dual-seeded dispersion polymerization in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets

Preparation of nonspherical particles via dual-seeded dispersion polymerization in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets

Preparation of Composite Polymer Particles by Seeded Dispersion Polymerization in Ionic Liquids

Controlled/living heterogeneous radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide

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