As Associate Editor of Nanocomposites, it is my great pleasure and honor to introduce this second issue. Clearly the following articles perfectly highlight how versatile and rich the field of nanocomposites can be. It is currently accepted that a nanocomposite material can be viewed as a heterophasic system where the dispersed phase (of a different nature to the continuous phase) has at least one of its dimensions in the order of a few nanometers. The continuous phase, usually called matrix, can be metallic, ceramic or polymeric, while the dispersed phase, i.e. nanofiller, can present 1, 2 or 3 nanodimensions. However, a keyquestion remains: what is a nanofiller? A filler with nanodimensions, in other words, a nanomaterial?On 18 October 2011, the European Commission adopted a specific recommendation on the definition of a nanomaterial.