Morphology of papillary muscles in the ventricles of heart - a review and meta-analysis

Morphological Assessment and Possible Clinical Implications of the Left Ventricle Papillary Muscles. Study in a Colombian Population Sample

“…In agreement with previous studies, we found that APM is longer than PPM, however the reported dimensions differ considerably from lengths of 16 -16.4 mm to a greater range of 21.3 -29.9 mm, in which our measurements are located. The PPM length reported is also variable, ranging from 14.6 -17.6 mm to 21.4 -27.1 mm, the latest being consistent with our finding (Hosapatna et al, 2014;Krawczyk-Oz˙óg et al, 2018;Sinha et al, 2021;Hosapatna et al, 2022;Ambiga et al, 2023). The evident difference observed between the PM length reported might be given by the size of the hearts evaluated, the segments of the ventricular wall where PM is originated and, in the case of the APM, if the measurements were taken from the upper or lower emergency point of this structure.…”

“…LVPMs present a great anatomical variability, especially in relation to their single or multiple presentation, dimension, origin in the ventricular wall, apices shape and CT number originated from their surfaces (Victor & Nayak, 1995;Gunnal et al, 2015;Kavimani et al, 2011;Krawczyk-Oz˙óg et al, 2018;Saha & Roy, 2018;Ambiga et al, 2023). For single-APM, low incidences have been reported in a range of 31.3 -62 % (Kavimani et al, 2011;Gheorghitescu et al, 2016), medium 65.4 -68 % (Victor & Nayak, 1995;Gunnal et al, 2015;Saha & Roy, 2018) and high incidences 75 -77.8 % (Roberts & Cohen, 1972;Krawczyk-Oz˙óg et al, 2018).…”