Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae

Hornok, Sándor; Meyer-Kayser, Elisabeth; Kontschán, Jenő; Takács, Nóra; Plantard, Olivier; Cullen, Siobhán; Gaughran, Aoibheann; Szekeres, Sándor; Majoros, Gábor; Beck, Relja; Boldogh, Sándor; Horváth, Gábor; Kutasi, Csaba; Sándor, Attila D.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101715

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Currently, however, no exact location of I. kaiseri in Germany is known and the summary of descriptions and redescriptions of I. kaiseri shows that there are different opinions about the taxonomic status of this tick species (Guglielmone et al 2020). During the preparation of the present manuscript, a study appeared on the morphology of Pholeoixodes species with a pictorial key based on molecularly identified I. canisuga, I. hexagonus and I. kaiseri (Hornok et al 2021). These findings will help update the distribution maps of the corresponding tick species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

et al. 2021

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An updated and increased compilation of georeferenced tick locations in Germany is presented here. This data collection extends the dataset published some years ago by another 1448 new tick locations, 900 locations of which were digitized from literature and 548 locations are published here for the first time. This means that a total of 3492 georeferenced tick locations is now available for Germany. The tick fauna of Germany includes two species of Argasidae in the genera Argas and Carios and 19 species of Ixodidae in the genera Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes, altogether 21 tick species. In addition, three species of Ixodidae in the genera Hyalomma (each spring imported by migratory birds) and Rhipicephalus (occasionally imported by dogs returning from abroad with their owners) are included in the tick atlas. Of these, the georeferenced locations of 23 tick species are depicted in maps. The occurrence of the one remaining tick species, the recently described Ixodes inopinatus, is given at the level of the federal states. The most common and widespread tick species is Ixodes ricinus, with records in all 16 federal states. With the exception of Hamburg, Dermacentor reticulatus was also found in all federal states. The occurrence of the ixodid ticks Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes hexagonus and I. inopinatus were documented in at least 11 federal states each. The two mentioned argasid tick species were also documented in numerous federal states, the pigeon tick Argas reflexus in 11 and the bat tick Carios vespertilionis in seven federal states. The atlas of ticks in Germany and the underlying digital dataset in the supplement can be used to improve global tick maps or to study the effects of climate change and habitat alteration on the distribution of tick species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

et al. 2021

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“…There are no records of I. kaiseri parasitizing humans. The presence of I. kaiseri has been reported in several European countries including Poland, Germany, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Romania, Ukraine, Malta (Akimov and Nebogatkin 2002;Hornok et al 2017Hornok et al , 2020aHornok et al , 2021Dwużnik et al 2020;Krčmar et al 2022) and in Turkey (Orkun and Karaer 2018). Hornok et al (2017) while reporting presence of I. kaiseri specimens on red foxes and dogs in Romania also noted that the species is more widespread in Europe than previously thought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Nymphs of Ixodes spp. were identified morphologically according to Hornok et al (2017Hornok et al ( , 2021 by using a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ61). Photographs were taken using a Leica M205C stereo microscope and a Leica Flexacam C1 camera, including operating software LAS X with a Z-stack projection tool.…”

Section: Tick Collection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of them were identified as I. canisuga and four as I. kaiseri (Figs. 1, 2) according to detailed morphological examinations showing that the nymphs have the characters described in Hornok et al (2021).…”

Section: Morphological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hornok et al (2017) analysed the phylogenetic relationships by using two mitochondrial genes and morphological differences in females of three Ixodes species of the Pholeoixodes subgenus including I. kaiseri. Furthermore, Hornok et al (2021) published pictorial keys for identification of I. kaiseri, I. canisuga and I. hexagonus males, nymphs and larvae. Ixodes kaiseri was found to harbour several tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical importance (Hornok et al 2020b;Wodecka et al 2022), however, it is not clear if and to what extent this species contributes to pathogen circulation in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterisation of three Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) species (Ixodida, Ixodidae) and the first record of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri from Slovakia

Krumpálová¹,

Mangová²,

Slávka³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A study of ticks on wildlife was carried out in the area of Levice, Bratislava, Stupava and Vrbovce (south-western Slovakia) during the years 2021-2022. Overall, 512 ticks were collected from 51 wild mammalian individuals of six species. In total, eight tick species were identified, namely Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, H. concinna, Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus and two Ixodes spp. Ixodes hexagonus were collected from Northern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus roumanicus), females belonging to Ixodes spp. were collected from a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and nymphs from a Eurasian badger (Meles meles). Ixodes hexagonus and the Ixodes spp. were identified morphologically and molecularly based on sequences of fragments of two mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA. Molecular analysis of Ixodes spp. confirmed the identity of Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957 and I. canisuga (Johnston, 1849). Sequence analyses show that the I. kaiseri isolate from Slovakia is identical to I. kaiseri isolates from Romania, Poland, Germany, Turkey, and Croatia. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of I. kaiseri in Slovakia using both morphological and molecular methods.

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Island hitchhikers: pathogen agents of Madeira and Azores ticks

Rosa,

Silva,

Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Parasitol Res

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Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that can transmit pathogens to their host. As insular ecosystems can enhance tick-host interactions, this study aimed to understand tick diversity, pathogen presence, and their respective associations in the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. Unfed or partially engorged ticks (n = 120) were collected from 58 cats and dogs in the Azores (n = 41 specimens) and Madeira (n = 79 specimens) from November 2018 to March 2019. Vector identification was based on morphology and molecular criteria. For pathogen sequencing, 18S gene fragment for Babesia/Hepatozoon and gltA for Rickettsia were performed. Sequence data was explored using BLAST and BLAST and phylogenetic inference tools. In the Azores, Ixodes hexagonus, I. ventalloi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 6; 14.6%, n = 6; 14.6%, and n = 29; 70.7% respectively) were found and in Madeira I. ricinus and R. sanguineus (n = 78, 98.7%; and n = 1, 1.3%; respectively) were identified. Tick COI markers confirmed species highlighting confirmation of R. sanguineus s.s. and genotype A of I. ventalloi. In the Azores Islands, the detected Rickettsia massiliae was linked to R. sanguineus (dogs and cats) and I. hexagonus (dogs), and in Madeira Island, R. monacensis (dogs) and Hepatozoon silvestris (cats) were found associated with I. ricinus. Further, I. ventalloi presence in the Azores expands west its known range, and Hepatozoon silvestris in Madeira may suggest that I. ricinus could have a role as a potential vector. Finally, as R. massiliae and R. monacensis presence underlines public health risks, surveillance by health authorities is crucial as pathogen-tick interactions may drive disease spread, therefore monitoring remains pivotal for disease prevention.

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Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

Molecular characterisation of three Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) species (Ixodida, Ixodidae) and the first record of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri from Slovakia

Island hitchhikers: pathogen agents of Madeira and Azores ticks

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