Morphology of Rust Phases Formed on Weathering Steels During Outdoor Atmospheric Exposure in Open, BoldLocations / Morphologie der auf Weathering-Stählen unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen an exponierten Standorten gebildeten Rostphasen

Raman, A.; Nasrazadani, S.; Sharma, Lochan; Razvan, A.

doi:10.1515/pm-1987-241204

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…5 shows other globular formations (Fig. 5a) in which the existence of needles or whiskers typical of goethite 6,8,15,16,50 can be seen at greater resolution around the periphery of the globules (Fig. 5b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…6 shows one of these formations, which is typical in the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel and has been reported by many researchers. 6,8,[10][11][12][14][15][16]20,25 The Raman spectrum corresponding to one of these laminas presents the characteristic peaks of lepidocrocite at 250, 378, 530, 650 and 1310 cm −1 . Additionally, two shoulders are seen between to the two strongest peaks, situated at 308 and 350 cm −1 , also indicative of lepidocrocite according to other researchers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6d) clearly shows that contrarily it corresponds to lepidocrocite. Worm nest.-This morphology, which is commonly referred to in studies on the morphology of rust phases, 6,8,15,16,20 is presented in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14] However, in most such studies there is no analytical characterization of the compounds that give rise to these morphologies. An exception can be seen in the interesting pioneering work of Raman et al, 6,8,15,16 concerning the rust formed on structural steels in bridges in the states of Louisiana and Texas. These researchers attempted to indirectly identify the morphologies observed by SEM by comparison with the morphologies of standard rust phases grown in the laboratory and identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IRS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has often given rise to speculation and unreliable interpretations. Terms such as "sandy grains", "cotton balls", "nest-like structures", etc., coined previously by Raman et al, 6,8,15,16 have been used to describe and typify the rust phases found.…”

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confidence: 99%

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SEM/Micro-Raman Characterization of the Morphologies of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion Products Formed on Mild Steel

Morcillo

Chico

Alcántara

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The exposure of carbon steel to marine atmospheres gives rise to the formation of various corrosion products (lepidocrocite, goethite, magnetite, akaganeite, etc.) that present a wide variety of morphologies depending on the specific conditions of their formation. The literature on this topic is scarce and lacks a rigorous analytical characterization of the different morphologies seen in microscopic observation of rust surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. The research presented in this paper uses XRD and the powerful integrated SEM/Micro-Raman technique to characterize a series of morphologies commonly found in the rust that forms when mild steel is exposed to marine atmospheres. Two atmospheres with highly different chloride deposition rates (atmospheric salinity) have been considered. In the lower salinity atmosphere an adherent rust layer was formed on the steel, the outer surface of which layer exhibited a variety of SEM morphologies corresponding to lepidocrocite (mainly) and goethite. In the higher salinity atmosphere the thick rust layer formed on the steel was easily exfoliated (detached) and the morphologies on the inner surface observed using SEM were very different, corresponding mainly to akaganeite and magnetite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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SEM/Micro-Raman Characterization of the Morphologies of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion Products Formed on Mild Steel

Morcillo

Chico

Alcántara

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel in chloride-rich environments. Questions to be answered

Morcillo¹,

Chico²,

Alcántara³

et al. 2014

Materials and Corrosion

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This paper describes the peculiarities of carbon steel corrosion in very severe marine atmospheres and points out a number of uncertainties that still need to be explained, such as the following: (a) Data on the evolution of carbon steel corrosion (C) with exposure time (t) obeys the power function C ¼ At n . The variables upon which n depends are not fully known, though the salinity of the atmosphere undoubtedly plays a prominent role. (b) In marine atmospheres, the presence of akaganeite and magnetite phases among the corrosion products is especially significant. In relation with these corrosion products, a number of important questions remain unanswered: What conditions are necessary for their formation? Where are they preferentially located? Is there a critical atmospheric salinity concentration below they are unlikely to form? It is also of great interest to know the typical surface microscopic morphologies resulting from the presence of akaganeite, where the confusion among researchers is well known. (c) In very severe marine atmospheres, the morphology of the corrosion layers formed on steel can be highly unusual, such as sheet-type or mound rust. There is a lack of basic knowledge on the formation mechanisms and internal microstructure of these rust types.

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Influence of Direct Current Electric Field on the Formation, Composition and Microstructure of Corrosion Products Formed on the Steel in Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment

Dai

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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Morphology of Rust Phases Formed on Weathering Steels During Outdoor Atmospheric Exposure in Open, BoldLocations / Morphologie der auf Weathering-Stählen unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen an exponierten Standorten gebildeten Rostphasen

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

SEM/Micro-Raman Characterization of the Morphologies of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion Products Formed on Mild Steel

SEM/Micro-Raman Characterization of the Morphologies of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion Products Formed on Mild Steel

Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel in chloride-rich environments. Questions to be answered

Influence of Direct Current Electric Field on the Formation, Composition and Microstructure of Corrosion Products Formed on the Steel in Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment

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