Morphology of seahorse head hydrodynamically aids in capture of evasive prey

Gemmell, Brad J.; Sheng, Jian; Buskey, Edward J.

doi:10.1038/ncomms3840

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Seahorses are visual ambush predators, using a technique known as the 'pivot' feeding, which involves rapid movement to overcome prey escape capabilities [13]. They don't have any teeth so they just suck the foods up through the snouts with "cluck cluck".…”

Section: Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review - Biology, Aquaculture and Medical Use of Seahorse, Hippocampus spp

Zhang

Ryu

Qian

2017

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Seahorse has been used as medicine in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam for thousands of years. However, in western countries, the ecology of seahorse has been a focus of attention of many researchers for years. The seahorse aquaculture is popular with aqua farm worldwide for the sake of the increased demand of seahorse. This review described the biology, aquaculture and medical use of seahorse. To present the ecology and highlight the role of seahorse in traditional medicine and biomedical properties, this article based on the information collected from scientific literatures from Elsevier, Wiley, Science direct and CNKI.

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Section: Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review - Biology, Aquaculture and Medical Use of Seahorse, Hippocampus spp

Zhang

Ryu

Qian

2017

ARRB

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“…Both myelinate and amyelinate calanoid copepods are targets of high-speed attacks from predators such as planktivorous fish and chaetognaths (Coughlin and Strickler, 1990;Gemmell et al, 2013;Holzman et al, 2007;Wainwright et al, 2001Wainwright et al, , 2007. While copepods that possess myelin may react faster when evading predators (Davis et al, 1999;Lenz, 2012;Lenz et al, 2000), the predicted difference in response time is less than 1 ms in small species (≤1 mm) (Bradley et al, 2013;Waggett and Buskey, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escapes in copepods: comparison between myelinate and amyelinate species

Buskey

Strickler

Bradley

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Rapid conduction in myelinated nerves keeps distant parts of large organisms in timely communication. It is thus surprising to find myelination in some very small organisms. Calanoid copepods, while sharing similar body plans, are evenly divided between myelinate and amyelinate taxa. In seeking the selective advantage of myelin in these small animals, representatives from both taxa were subjected to a brief hydrodynamic stimulus that elicited an escape response. The copepods differed significantly in their ability to localize the stimulus: amyelinate copepods escaped in the general direction of their original swim orientation, often ending up closer to the stimulus. However, myelinate species turned away from the stimulus and distanced themselves from it, irrespective of their original orientation. We suggest that faster impulse conduction of myelinated axons leads to better precision in the timing and processing of sensory information, thus allowing myelinate copepods to better localize stimuli and respond appropriately.

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“…By contrast, individual particle tracking in zooplankton allows resolution of velocities at the second-to-subsecond timescale [24][25][26], although there appear to be no reports of its use for diatom sinking rates at this scale. The relevance to diatom sinking is that this is the timescale of interactions between nutrient uptake and the diffusion-limited boundary layer around the diatom [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic sinking behaviour in marine phytoplankton: rapid changes in buoyancy may aid in nutrient uptake

et al. 2016

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Phytoplankton sinking is an important property that can determine community composition in the photic zone and material loss to the deep ocean. To date, studies of diatom suspension have relied on bulk measurements with assumptions that bulk rates adequately capture the essential characteristics of diatom sinking. However, recent work has illustrated that individual diatom sinking rates vary considerably from the mean bulk rate. In this study, we apply high-resolution optical techniques, individual-based observations of diatom sinking and a recently developed method of flow visualization around freely sinking cells. The results show that in both field samples and laboratory cultures, some large species of centric diatoms are capable of a novel behaviour, whereby cells undergo bursts of rapid sinking that alternate with near-zero sinking rates on the timescales of seconds. We also demonstrate that this behaviour is under direct metabolic control of the cell. We discuss these results in the context of implications for nutrient flux to the cell surface. While nutrient flux in large diatoms increases during fast sinking, current mass transport models cannot incorporate the unsteady sinking behaviour observed in this study. However, large diatoms appear capable of benefiting from the enhanced nutrient flux to their surface during rapid sinking even during brief intervening periods of near-zero sinking rates.

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Morphology of seahorse head hydrodynamically aids in capture of evasive prey

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

A Review - Biology, Aquaculture and Medical Use of Seahorse, Hippocampus spp

A Review - Biology, Aquaculture and Medical Use of Seahorse, Hippocampus spp

Escapes in copepods: comparison between myelinate and amyelinate species

Dynamic sinking behaviour in marine phytoplankton: rapid changes in buoyancy may aid in nutrient uptake

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