Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny

Abstract

The antennal sense organs of four Australian spittlebugs, Aufidus trifasciatus Stål, Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius), Petyllis deprivata (Walker) and Tonnoiria tasmaniae Lallemand (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are described for the first time, based on scanning electron microscope observations. Four major types of sense organs were found: one basiconic sensillum and 8-9 coeloconic sensilla on the expanded flagellar base, and several trichoid sensilla and one campaniform sensillum on the pedicel. The antennal sensilla found in the four species show very similar patterns in their shape, distribution and arrangement and this suggests that the genera Aufidus Stål, Petyllis Kirkaldy and Tonnoiria Lallemand, all currently placed in the Afrotropical and Oriental tribe Rhinaulacini, may belong to the Australian tribe Euryaulacini. In addition, the history of the nomenclature of two Australian species previously assigned to the genus Eoscarta is reviewed, and the following two resurrected combinations established: Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) comb. rev. and Euryaulax vacuola (Jacobi) comb. rev.

A SEM study of antennal and maxillary sensilla in Zema gressitti Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae)

“…However, only a few cases of CaII have been reported on the antennal scape (Bartlett and Hamilton, 2011), and CaIII on the maxillae have rarely been discovered. They are generally few in number, usually located near the segmental joints, and are considered as mechanoreceptors (Schneider, 1964;McIver, 1985;Zacharuk, 1985;Liang and Fletcher, 2002). Here they probably act as antennal proprioceptors (Bromley et al, 1980), and respond to the stresses arising from the movement of the flagella as already reported in aphids (Dunn, 1978).…”

Revision of the Spittlebug Genus Euryaulax Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) from Australia

“…Ocelli translucent, located on posterior third of vertex, distance between ocelli equal to half distance between each ocellus and adjacent eye. Antennae relatively short with scape and pedicel same length, ßagellum expanded at base with one acute basiconic sensillium and eight or nine coeloconic sensilla, pedicel with one campaniform sensillum located below coeloconic sensilla and many trichoid sensilla (see Liang and Fletcher 2002). Postclypeus with lateral regions inßated and longitudinal median region strongly in male and slightly in female compressed and ßat, ßattened area bordered by ridge, lateral areas with distinct muscle impressions (striations).…”

“…3, Þg. 2;Metcalf, 1961: 554;Fletcher et al, 1991: 468;Liang and Fletcher, 2002: 43. Eoscarta (Keducarta) maculata (Walker);Lallemand 1949: 53;Metcalf 1961: 392.…”

“…Liang (1996), in revising Eoscarta in China and adjacent regions provided a deÞnition of Eoscarta that excludes carnifex and vacuola because their hindwings have four complete apical cells whereas true Eoscarta have only two. For this reason Liang and Fletcher (2002) followed LallemandÕs (1949) recognition of the generic name Euryaulax Kirkaldy for the two Australian species placed by Evans (1966) in Eoscarta, formally removed Eoscarta from the Australian faunal list and resurrected the species combinations Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) and Euryaulax vacuola (Jacobi).…”

A revision of the endemic Australian spittlebug genusAnyllisKirkaldy (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) with descriptions of two new species

“…Members of Aphrophorini are widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions with generic diversification primarily in the Oriental region. Anyllis differs from other members of Aphrophorini in the following characters: frons in the males usually thin and strongly compressed laterally; antennae with expanded flagellar base having an apical, broadly conical process (a special bulbous sensillum) being adjacent and parallel to the flagellar bristle and nine small coeloconic sensilla on ventral side, lacking placoid sensilla subapically (Aphrophorini usually have three large placoid sensilla on apical area of the expanded flagellar base, Liang, unpublished data; see also Liang and Fletcher 2002); hind tibiae with one lateral spur on outer edge (Aphrophorini usually have two lateral spurs on hind tibiae with exception of Sinophora with four to six lateral spurs); basal anal segment in males with a pair of basal anal processes; subgenital plates short and separated from each other; genital styles slender and elongate; aedeagal shaft relatively elongate and slender, covered with fine spines on anterior edge in lateral view. These characters are autapomorphies of Anyllis and strongly support the monophyly of the genus.…”