Morphology of the bronchial tree in man.

Horsfield, Keith; Cumming, Gordon R.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1968.24.3.373

Cited by 434 publications

(269 citation statements)

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“…Horsfield et al 21,22 proposed an approximate but comprehensive model based on detailed lung castings for both human and canine subjects. The Horsfield model of the human lung categorizes the airway tree into 35 different segment sizes, starting with n ¼ 35, the trachea, and ending with n ¼ 1, the terminal bronchiole, which itself terminates into two alveoli.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive computational model of sound transmission through the porcine lung

Dai

Peng

Henry

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A comprehensive computational simulation model of sound transmission through the porcine lung is introduced and experimentally evaluated. This "subject-specific" model utilizes parenchymal and major airway geometry derived from x-ray CT images. The lung parenchyma is modeled as a poroviscoelastic material using Biot theory. A finite element (FE) mesh of the lung that includes airway detail is created and used in COMSOL FE software to simulate the vibroacoustic response of the lung to sound input at the trachea. The FE simulation model is validated by comparing simulation results to experimental measurements using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry on the surface of an excised, preserved lung. The FE model can also be used to calculate and visualize vibroacoustic pressure and motion inside the lung and its airways caused by the acoustic input. The effect of diffuse lung fibrosis and of a local tumor on the lung acoustic response is simulated and visualized using the FE model. In the future, this type of visualization can be compared and matched with experimentally obtained elastographic images to better quantify regional lung material properties to noninvasively diagnose and stage disease and response to treatment.

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Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive computational model of sound transmission through the porcine lung

Dai

Peng

Henry

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…In our laboratory, FINK et al [21] used a model that has the endotracheal tube placed within a plastic trachea which bifurcated into two main bronchi. The model was constructed to match the dimensions of a normal adult human airway [24]. Filters placed at the ends of the two bronchi collect drug aerosol ( fig.…”

Section: In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchodilator delivery with metered-dose inhalers in mechanically-ventilated patients

Dhand¹,

Tobin²

1996

Eur Respir J

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“…Previous morphological studies using casts of lung have been mainly focused on the bronchial tree and have used a method of resin injection after dry fixation (Ross 1957), formalin fixation (Horsfield and Cumming 1968) or formalin steam fixation (Weibel 1963). Also, in earlier studies of the pulmonary vascular system using casts, resin was injected after perfusion fixation with formalin solution (Hyland et al 1963;Cumming et al 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branching architecture of canine pulmonary arteries : A quantitative cast study.

Koike

Ohnuki

Ohkuda

et al. 1986

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the branching pattern of pulmonary artery. The excised right lower lobes of six mongrel dogs were fixed by perfusion with 1.2% glutaraldehyde solution. Pressure of the pulmonary artery, vein and airway were controlled during perfusion. After fixation, resin was injected manually into the artery. When resin was completely polymerized, the lung was placed in 15 N NaOH solution to remove lung tissue. The diameters and lengths of branches were measured by stereomicroscopy. The results obtained were as follows : (1) The basically dichotomous pulmonary arteries showed not only fairly regular dichotomies but monopolies, in the latter of which the diameter of parent branch was almost the same as that of its larger daughter branch. (2) The diameter of monopodiel branch was less than 500 p m, even when the parent branch was a large central segment. In arteries of over 1,000 p m in diameter, 75% or more of branchings were monopodies, whereas in small arteries of 200-300pm in diameter, half the bifurcations were monopolies. (3) At a bifurcation, the average daughter-to-parent diameter ratio was 0.8-0.9 for the larger daughter branch and 0.5 for the smaller one. (4) The average length of branches was in proportion to their average diameter. pulmonary artery ; anatomy ; microcirculation ; branching pattern Studies on lung structure have mostly focussed on the airways. Elucidation of airway branching patterns by Weibel (1963) has benefited various studies in the field of lung physiology (Pedley et al. 1970). But regarding the pulmonary arteries, little has been studied on the circulatiry behavior based on their branching pattern (Cumming et al. 1969;Overholser et al. 1982), because complete analysis that could be used for designing a pulmonary arterial model has not been achieved due to the lack of morphological knowledge on the architecture of pulmonary arteries. Moreover, an asymmetry of the pulmonary arterial system was pointed out (Singhal et al. 1973). Therefore, we should analyze morphological factors such as the diameter and length of vessels which appear closely related with the pulmonary vascular resistance (Bayliss 1962).

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Morphology of the bronchial tree in man.

Cited by 434 publications

References 0 publications

A comprehensive computational model of sound transmission through the porcine lung

A comprehensive computational model of sound transmission through the porcine lung

Bronchodilator delivery with metered-dose inhalers in mechanically-ventilated patients

Branching architecture of canine pulmonary arteries : A quantitative cast study.

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