Morphology of the Dorsomedial and Ventral Hypothalamic Nuclei

Abstract

Morphological and functional features of organs in pre-and postnatal periods of ontogeny, under the influence of opioids, food additives, reconstructive surgery and obesity» -state registration number 0120U002129.Introduction.The hypothalamus is the higher subcortical centre of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates all the body's vital functions, such as maintaining homeostasis, which is often disturbed by various factors [1]. The hypothalamus is in direct contact with the vascular system and serves as a brain-hormonal interface through which the brain controls the body's peripheral systems [2]. In addition to regulating body temperature, sleep, food and water intake, it has specific control over the autonomic nervous system and cyclic phenomena such as circadian rhythms [2]. A large number of both experimental and clinical data have shown that various stimuli (external and internal) or, for example, inflammation [3], increased intake of saturated fatty acids [4], can disrupt homeostasis by stimulating inflammation in the hypothalamus [3,5]. The hypothalamus controls orexigenia and anorexigenia in both physiological and pathological conditions [3]. Various dietary supplements, infectious agents, and chronic diseases can also alter the hypothalamic response [3]. In addition, as part of the limbic system, the hypothalamus is involved in behavioural responses, such as the "fight-or-flight" response [6], re-