Morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny of Platynematum salinarum nov. spec., a new scuticociliate (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia) from a solar saltern

Foissner, Wilhelm; Jung, Jae-Ho; Filker, Sabine; Rudolph, Jennifer L.; Stoeck, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2013.10.001

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3). This success of many ciliates in halo-adaptation is confirmed by several microscopy studies (Elloumi et al 2006;Cho et al 2008;Elloumi et al 2009a;Lei et al 2009, Shao et al 2014, Foissner et al 2014a. However, the differences observed in ciliate diversity in individual solar salterns are dramatic: In the Sfax solar saltern ponds Elloumi et al (2006) recorded a total of 26 different ciliate morphospecies, lacking stichotrichs and phylopharyngeans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Deep sequencing uncovers protistan plankton diversity in the Portuguese Ria Formosa solar saltern ponds

et al. 2014

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We used high-throughput sequencing to unravel the genetic diversity of protistan (including fungal) plankton in hypersaline ponds of the Ria Formosa solar saltern works in Portugal. From three ponds of different salinity (4, 12 and 38 %), we obtained ca. 105,000 amplicons (V4 region of the SSU rDNA). The genetic diversity we found was higher than what has been described from solar saltern ponds thus far by microscopy or molecular studies. The obtained operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could be assigned to 14 high-rank taxonomic groups and blasted to 120 eukaryotic families. The novelty of this genetic diversity was extremely high, with 27 % of all OTUs having a sequence divergence of more than 10 % to deposited sequences of described taxa. The highest degree of novelty was found at intermediate salinity of 12 % within the ciliates, which traditionally are considered as the best known and described taxon group within the kingdom Protista. Further substantial novelty was detected within the stramenopiles and the chlorophytes. Analyses of community structures suggest a transition boundary for protistan plankton between 4 and 12 % salinity, suggesting different haloadaptation strategies in individual evolutionary lineages as a result of environmental filtering. Our study makes evident the gaps in our knowledge not only of protistan and fungal plankton diversity in hypersaline environments, but also in their ecology and their strategies to cope with these environmental conditions. It substantiates that specific future research needs to fill these gaps.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Deep sequencing uncovers protistan plankton diversity in the Portuguese Ria Formosa solar saltern ponds

et al. 2014

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“…Ciliates in the subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967 are commonly found in ecosystems worldwide and exhibit both a great biological and morphologic diversity (Foissner and Wilbert 1981;Fan et al 2011a,b;Foissner et al, 1994Foissner et al, , 2013Pan et al 2011;2013c;Seo et al 2013;Song and Wilbert 2002; Thompson and Kaneshiro, 1968;Whang et al 2013 About 20 genera and 40 species of scuticociliates have been reported in Chinese coastal waters (Fan et al, 2011a(Fan et al, , 2011bPan et al 2010Pan et al , 2011Pan et al , 2013cSong et al 2009). Because of their small size and the high degree of similarity in infraciliature, many scuticociliates are identified based upon a combination of characteristics observed in vivo and silver impregnation Pan et al 2010;Song and Wilbert 2000;Song et al 2001;Thompson 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biodiversity of marine scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from China: Description of seven morphotypes including a new species, Philaster sinensis spec. nov.

Pan

et al. 2015

European Journal of Protistology

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“…True halophilic microbes require the presence of salt to grow optimally and several cannot divide at salt concentrations under ~9%, which is around three times the salinity of seawater (Gochnauer et al, 1975; Oren, 2002a; Park et al, 2006, 2007, 2009; Cho et al, 2008; Kunčič et al, 2010; Park and Simpson, 2011; Foissner et al, 2014). Challenges faced by these organisms include ionic stress (especially the toxicity of sodium and chloride ions), osmotic stress, dehydration/desiccation stress (induced by complete evaporation), and reduced solubility of metabolites including nutrients and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

Harding¹,

Roger²,

Simpson³

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The capacity of halophiles to thrive in extreme hypersaline habitats derives partly from the tight regulation of ion homeostasis, the salt-dependent adjustment of plasma membrane fluidity, and the increased capability to manage oxidative stress. Halophilic bacteria, and archaea have been intensively studied, and substantial research has been conducted on halophilic fungi, and the green alga Dunaliella. By contrast, there have been very few investigations of halophiles that are phagotrophic protists, i.e., protozoa. To gather fundamental knowledge about salt adaptation in these organisms, we studied the transcriptome-level response of Halocafeteria seosinensis (Stramenopiles) grown under contrasting salinities. We provided further evolutionary context to our analysis by identifying genes that underwent recent duplications. Genes that were highly responsive to salinity variations were involved in stress response (e.g., chaperones), ion homeostasis (e.g., Na+/H+ transporter), metabolism and transport of lipids (e.g., sterol biosynthetic genes), carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., glycosidases), and signal transduction pathways (e.g., transcription factors). A significantly high proportion (43%) of duplicated genes were also differentially expressed, accentuating the importance of gene expansion in adaptation by H. seosinensis to high salt environments. Furthermore, we found two genes that were lateral acquisitions from bacteria, and were also highly up-regulated and highly expressed at high salt, suggesting that this evolutionary mechanism could also have facilitated adaptation to high salt. We propose that a transition toward high-salt adaptation in the ancestors of H. seosinensis required the acquisition of new genes via duplication, and some lateral gene transfers (LGTs), as well as the alteration of transcriptional programs, leading to increased stress resistance, proper establishment of ion gradients, and modification of cell structure properties like membrane fluidity.

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Morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny of Platynematum salinarum nov. spec., a new scuticociliate (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia) from a solar saltern

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Deep sequencing uncovers protistan plankton diversity in the Portuguese Ria Formosa solar saltern ponds

Deep sequencing uncovers protistan plankton diversity in the Portuguese Ria Formosa solar saltern ponds

Biodiversity of marine scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from China: Description of seven morphotypes including a new species, Philaster sinensis spec. nov.

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

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