Morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on titanium, tantalum, and chromium surfaces

Abstract

Metallic implants are widely used in orthopedic surgery and dentistry. Durable osseous fixation of an implant requires that osteoprogenitor cells attach and adhere to the implant, proliferate, differentiate into osteoblasts, and produce mineralized matrix. In the present study, we investigated the interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and smooth surfaces of titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), and chromium (Cr). Mean cellular area was quantified using fluorescence microscopy (4 h). Cellular proliferation was assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation and methylene blue cell counting assays (4 days). Osteogenic differentiation response was quantified by cell-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay (4 days), expression analysis of bone-related genes (4 days), and mineralization assay (21 days). Undifferentiated and osteogenically stimulated MSCs cultured on the different surfaces showed the same tendencies for proliferation and differentiation. MSCs exposed to Ti surfaces demonstrated enhanced proliferation compared with Ta and Cr surfaces. Cultivation of MSCs on Ta surfaces resulted in significantly increased mean cellular area and cell-specific ALP activity compared with the other surfaces tested. Cells cultured on Cr demonstrated reduced spreading and proliferation. In conclusion, Ta metal, as an alternative for Ti, can be considered as a promising biocompatible material, whereas further studies are needed to fully understand the role of Cr and its alloys in bone implants.

In Vitro Biocompatibility Test of Multi-layered Plasmonic Substrates with Flint Glasses and Adhesion Films

“…The substrate instability is responsible for poor attachment of neuron cells and this may contribute to a smaller cell density and a larger standard error. On the other hand, it has been reported in several in vitro studies that chromium thicker than 50 nm can inhibit the metabolic response of cultured cells such as stem cells [8], osteoblastic cells [9], macrophages [16]. In particular, since a thick adhesion film can degrade the performance of SPR-based neural recording system due to a large imaginary part of its complex dielectric constant, careful substrate design is required for an efficient neuron cell culture.…”

“…To obtain a higher refractive index, several additives such as lead oxide, titanium oxide, or zirconium oxide are usually contained in the flint glass. In terms of cytotoxicity, lead-based glass substrates and adhesion metal layers may have harmful effects on the cultured cells [8,9]. In other words, while the neurons are cultured onto a gold film, the stack configuration of SPR templates including toxic materials can exert unidentified adverse effects on the neuron cells.…”

Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling

“…30 Osteogenic-related genes all have a unique expression profile and are regulated strictly in a specific chronological order. [31][32][33] The ALP gene guides protein synthesis, which implies that the ZnO in the TNTs can improve ALP activity and early cell differentiation. In this study, the TNTs also had a slightly higher ALP expression compared with the control sample.…”

The effect of erythropoietin on bone

“…The basic principle of AZR is that it precipitates in the presence of calcium. Previously, the employed AZR protocol included the quantitative de-staining with cetylpyridinium chloride (Stiehler et al 2008). While conducting the experiments of Paper 2, the material safety classification of cetylpyridinium chloride was unfortunately altered and its use was prohibited at our institution.…”