Morphology, Structure, and Ontogeny of Trichomes of the Grape Genus (Vitis, Vitaceae)

Abstract

Trichomes are widely distributed on surfaces of different organs in the grape genus Vitis and are of taxonomic utility. To explore the morphology, structure and ontogeny of Vitis trichomes, we investigated the diversity and distribution of trichomes in 34 species of Vitis. Two main types of trichomes in Vitis are documented: non-glandular and glandular. Within non-glandular trichomes, ribbon and simple trichomes are found on different vegetative plant organs. The morphology and ontogeny of these types of trichomes are further examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the glandular trichomes is explored with transmission electron microscopy. The ribbon trichomes are twisted, greatly elongated and unicellular, and this trichome type may be a morphological synapomorphy of Vitis and its closest tropical relative Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes in Vitaceae. The simple trichomes are documented in most species sampled in the genus. The glandular trichomes are multicellular, non-vascularized and composed of both epidermis and subjacent layers. We show that prickles occurring along the stems and petioles of Vitis davidii are modified glandular trichomes. We observed that glandular trichomes of V. romanetii secrete mucilage and volatile substances which trap insectes on the glands. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that metabolic products accumulate in vacuoles, the cytoplasm and intercellular spaces. We infer that glandular trichomes and young prickles are involved in the secretion of these metabolic products and the intercellular spaces may be the places of temporary storage of these secretions.

Testing reticulate evolution of fourVitisspecies from East Asia using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing

“…piasezkii do not have glandular trichomes and the leaves of V . piasezkii are unlobed, or variously lobed, to palmately compound with 3–5 leaflets (Chen et al, ; Ma et al, ) (Fig. ).…”

“…piasezkii and V . shenxiensis is the presence of glandular trichomes on stems and petioles in the latter (Li et al, ; Chen et al, ; Ma et al, ). However, the glandular trichomes might not be stable on the vegetative organs of some Vitis species, such as V .…”

“…labrusca , and V . rotundifolia (Moore, ; Ma et al, ; Moore & Wen, ). We suggest careful assessment of using the presence/absence of glandular trichomes to differentiate species in Vitis .…”

Inflorescence morphology and development in the basal rosid lineage Vitales

“…However, botanically speaking, the family was neglected for many years, and the latest monograph was written by Süssenguth in 1953 (Süssenguth, ). Recently, molecular phylogenetic, phylogenomic, biogeographic, and comparative developmental morphological approaches have been used to broaden our understanding of the evolutionary relationships, biogeographic history and character evolution within the group (Rossetto et al, , , ; Soejima & Wen, ; Wen et al, , ; Nie et al, , ; Ren et al, ; Jones et al, ; Trias‐Blasi et al, ; Ickert‐Bond et al, ; Gerrath et al, and references therein; Ma et al, ; Lu et al, ).…”

Recent Advances in Systematics and Evolution of the Grape Family Vitaceae

“…In particular, recent phylogenomic analyses of data from all three genomes support five major clades in Vitaceae (Wen et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Lu et al, ). Moreover, studies on morphological evolution have provided additional important insights into the evolutionary relationships within Vitaceae (e.g., Gerrath & Posluszny, ; Lu et al, ; Ickert‐Bond et al, , ; Gerrath et al, , ; Ma et al, ). At the same time, numerous, well‐preserved macrofossils of Vitaceae (especially seeds and wood) have been discovered in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., Wheeler & Lapasha, ; Chen & Manchester, , ; Chen, ; Manchester et al, , ).…”