Morphology, Thermal Stability, and Flammability Properties of Polymer-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites: A Review

Mochane, Mokgaotsa Jonas; Magagula, Sifiso Innocent; Sefadi, Jeremia Shale; Sadiku, Rotimi; Mokhena, Teboho Clement

doi:10.3390/cryst10070612

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Graphene reduces heat release and mass transfer, as well as delays the fire ignition time, because it can promote the formation of a dense, continuous char layer during the decomposition process, which can act as a barrier to prevent heat transfer from the heat source. Furthermore, 2D layered inorganic materials such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have exhibited similar barrier properties [ 252 ]. One of the latest trends in developing new flame-retardant systems is combining more than two flame-retardant components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Kim¹,

Lee

Yoon

2021

Polymers

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Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Kim¹,

Lee

Yoon

2021

Polymers

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“…Importance of Specific Surface Area Control in Industiral Application of MMO 2.1.1. Market and Industry Trend of MMO Metal oxide is one of the inorganic materials widely used as catalysts, electrodes, and adsorbents [46], and is used in all fields such as construction and industry, occupying a very important position in the infrastructure industry. MMOs are also used in various range of applications such as semiconductors, ceramics, and medicine as antifungal agents [47,48].…”

Section: Specific Surface Area Of Mmo Prepared From Calcined Ldhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Metal Oxide by Calcination of Layered Double Hydroxide: Parameters Affecting Specific Surface Area

Lee

Park

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Mixed metal oxide (MMO) is one of the widely utilized ceramic materials in various industries. In order to obtain high performance, the specific surface area of MMO should be controlled. Calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a versatile way to prepare MMO with homogeneous metal distribution and well-developed porosity. Although researchers found that the specific surface area of LDH-originated MMO was relatively high, it had not been systematically investigated how the surface area is controlled under a certain parameter. In this review, we summarized LDH-originated MMO with various starting composition, calcination temperature, and pore developing agent in terms of specific surface area and porosity. Briefly, it was represented that MMOs with Mg-Al components generally had higher specific surface area than Mg-Fe or Zn-Al components. Calcination temperature in the range 300–600 °C resulted in the high specific surface area, while upper or lower temperature reduced the values. Pore developing agent did not result in dramatic increase in MMO; however, the pore size distribution became narrower in the presence of pore developing agents.

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“…LDHs have been used as acid scavengers [ 17 ], in the pharmaceutical industry [ 18 ], as antioxidants [ 19 ], in biomedical applications [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], as UV-Vis absorption materials [ 12 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], in photovoltaic and solar cells [ 26 ], in supercapacitors [ 27 ], in sensors [ 28 ], in wastewater treatments [ 29 ], as precursors for photocatalytic materials [ 30 , 31 ], as catalysts [ 18 , 32 ], as stabilizers in polymers [ 33 , 34 ] and as flame retardants for polymers [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. LDHs can be used for different purposes—as coolants and in producing diluents for flammable gas [ 39 ], as flame retardants providing resistance to ignition [ 40 ], or they can provide an alternate way of combustion with a slower rate of flame spread and can reduce the quantity of smoke [ 18 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Double Hydroxide (MgFeAl-LDH)-Based Polypropylene (PP) Nanocomposite: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation

et al. 2021

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This work analyzes the thermal degradation and mechanical properties of iron (Fe)-containing MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite. Ternary metal (MgFeAl) LDHs were prepared using the urea hydrolysis method, and Fe was used in two different concentrations (5 and 10 mol%). Nanocomposites containing MgFeAl-LDH and PP were prepared using the melt mixing method by a small-scale compounder. Three different loadings of LDHs were used in PP (2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt%). Rheological properties were determined by rheometer, and flammability was studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 (V and HB). Color parameters (L*, a*, b*) and opacity of PP nanocomposites were measured with a spectrophotometer. Mechanical properties were analyzed with a universal testing machine (UTM) and Charpy impact test. The thermal behavior of MgFeAl-LDH/PP nanocomposites was studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of LDH/PP nanocomposites was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A decrease in melt viscosity and increase in burning rate were observed in the case of iron (Fe)-based PP nanocomposites. A decrease in mechanical properties interpreted as increased catalytic degradation was also observed in iron (Fe)-containing PP nanocomposites. Such types of LDH/PP nanocomposites can be useful where faster degradation or faster recycling of polymer nanocomposites is required because of environmental issues.

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Morphology, Thermal Stability, and Flammability Properties of Polymer-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites: A Review

Cited by 73 publications

References 122 publications

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Mixed Metal Oxide by Calcination of Layered Double Hydroxide: Parameters Affecting Specific Surface Area

Layered Double Hydroxide (MgFeAl-LDH)-Based Polypropylene (PP) Nanocomposite: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation

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