Morphometric analysis of the elasmobranch olfactory rosette

Clark, A.M.; Porter, Marianne E.; Meredith, Tricia L.

doi:10.1002/jmor.21514

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…The number of observed olfactory lamellae (∼33 per rosette, Fig. 5E) is consistent with the number in adult individuals (Ferrando et al 2017) which is low relative to most other chondrichthyans (Ferrando et al 2017; Dymek et al 2021; Clark et al 2022). Similar to adult olfactory organ, each olfactory rosette is partially separated by the central raphe into two compartments: one located dorsoanterior, the other ventroposterior.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catsharkScyliorhinus caniculareveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates

Mayeur,

Leyhr,

Mulley

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cartilaginous fishes (chimeras and elasmobranches -sharks, skates and rays) hold a key phylogenetic position to explore the origin and diversifications of jawed vertebrates. Here, we report reference genomic, transcriptomic and phenotypic data in the small spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, and integrate these data to shed light on the evolution of sensory organs. We first characterise general aspects of the catshark genome, confirming the high conservation of genome organisation across cartilaginous fishes, and investigating population genomic signatures. Taking advantage of a dense sampling of transcriptomic data, we also identify gene signatures for all major organs, including chondrichthyan specializations, and evaluate expression diversifications between paralogs within major gene families involved in sensory functions. Finally, we combine these data with 3D imaging and in situ gene expression analyses to explore chondrichthyan-specific traits and more general evolutionary trends of sensory systems. This approach brings to light, among others, novel markers of the ampullae of Lorenzini electro-sensory cells, a duplication hotspot for crystallin genes conserved in jawed vertebrates, and a new metazoan clade of the Transient-receptor potential (TRP) family. These resources and results, obtained in an experimentally tractable chondrichthyan model, open new avenues to integrate epigenomics, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, for the study of elasmobranchs and vertebrates.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catsharkScyliorhinus caniculareveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates

Mayeur,

Leyhr,

Mulley

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The olfactory system of sharks and rays in numbers

Aicardi,

Bozzo,

Guallart

et al. 2024

The Anatomical Record

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Cartilaginous fishes have large and elaborate olfactory organs, but only a small repertoire of olfactory receptor genes. Here, we quantitatively analyze the olfactory system of 21 species of sharks and rays, assessing many features of the olfactory organ (OOR) (number of primary lamellae, branches of the secondary folds, sensory surface area, and density and number of sensory neurons) and the olfactory bulb (OB) (number of neurons and non‐neuronal cells), and estimate the ratio between the number of neurons in the two structures. We show that the number of lamellae in the OOR does not correlate with the sensory surface area, while the complexity of the lamellar shape does. The total number of olfactory receptor neurons ranges from 30.5 million to 4.3 billion and the total number of OB neurons from 1.5 to 90 million. The number of neurons in the olfactory epithelium is 16 to 158 times higher (median ratio is 46) than the number of neurons in the OB. These ratios considerably exceed those reported in mammals. High convergence from receptor neurons to neurons processing olfactory information, together with the remarkably small olfactory receptor repertoire, strongly suggests that the olfactory system of sharks and rays is well adapted to detect a limited number of odorants with high sensitivity.

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Getting Nosy: Olfactory Rosette Morphology and Lamellar Microstructure of Two Chondrichthyan Species

Simonitis,

Clark,

Barskaya

et al. 2024

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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To smell, fish rely on passive water flow into their olfactory chambers and through their olfactory rosettes to detect chemical signals in their aquatic environment. The olfactory rosette is made up of secondarily folded tissues called olfactory lamellae. The olfactory morphology of cartilaginous fishes varies widely in both rosette gross morphology and lamellar microstructure. Previous research has shown differences in lamellar sensory morphology depending on the position along the rosette in hammerheads (family Sphyrnidae). Here, we investigate if this pattern continues in members of two other chondrichthyan families: Squalidae and Chimaeridae. Using contrast- enhanced microCT and scanning electron microscopy, we investigated patterns in lamellar morphology based on lamellar position along the olfactory rosette in Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) and spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). We describe the gross olfactory rosette anatomy and lamellar microstructure of both species. We also put forth a new method, combining 3D morphological microCT data with 2D SEM microstructure data to better approximate lamellar sensory surface area. We found that in both species, lamellae in the center of the rosette were larger with more secondary folds. However, we found no significant differences in lamellar sensory surface area among lamellar positions. Previously, differences in lamellar sensory morphology have been tied to the internal fluid dynamics of the olfactory chamber. It is possible that the internal flow dynamics of these species are like other chondrichthyan models, where water flow patterns differ in the lateral versus the medial part of the organ, and the consistent distribution of sensory tissue does not correspond to this flow. Alternatively, the olfactory morphology of these species may result in uniform flow patterns throughout the olfactory chamber, correlating with the consistent distribution of sensory tissue throughout the organ. This study emphasizes that further investigations into chondrichthyan fluid dynamics is paramount to any future studies on the correlations between distribution of sensory tissues and water flow.

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Morphometric analysis of the elasmobranch olfactory rosette

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catsharkScyliorhinus caniculareveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catsharkScyliorhinus caniculareveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates

The olfactory system of sharks and rays in numbers

Getting Nosy: Olfactory Rosette Morphology and Lamellar Microstructure of Two Chondrichthyan Species

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