Morphometric and hemodynamic analysis of atherosclerotic progression in human carotid artery bifurcations

Abstract

analysis of atherosclerotic progression in human carotid artery bifurcations.

Hemodynamics and stroke risk in intracranial atherosclerotic disease

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, coronary CTA-based CFD models have been used to compute noninvasive FFR in CAD, allowing a considerable proportion of CAD patients to avoid the invasive FFR procedure, without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, coronary CTA-based CFD models have been used to compute noninvasive FFR in CAD, allowing a considerable proportion of CAD patients to avoid the invasive FFR procedure, without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, coronary CTA-based CFD models have been used to compute noninvasive FFR in CAD, allowing a considerable proportion of CAD patients to avoid the invasive FFR procedure, without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. 30,34,35 Compared with extracranial arteries, however, hemodynamics in intracranial arteries are more difficult to assess with invasive imaging methods, due to the anatomic features of intracranial arteries (eg, small calibers, tortuosity, and deep locations of the arteries within the skull). 14 Moreover, CFD modeling methods have been used in studying the relationships between geometry, hemodynamic environment, and atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation in numerous studies.…”

“…Hemodynamics and its clinical relevance have been investigated in numerous studies in CAD and carotid atherosclerotic disease, using invasive methods such as catheter angiography and intravascular ultrasound, and CFD models based on noninvasive vascular imaging. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, coronary CTA-based CFD models have been used to compute noninvasive FFR in CAD, allowing a considerable proportion of CAD patients to avoid the invasive FFR procedure, without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. 33,36 In addition, WSS quantified with CFD models has been associated with progression of atherosclerotic plaques and arterial remodeling in CAD.…”

“…[Color figure can be viewed at www.annalsofneurology.org] Moreover, CFD modeling methods have been used in studying the relationships between geometry, hemodynamic environment, and atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation in numerous studies. 30,34,35 Compared with extracranial arteries, however, hemodynamics in intracranial arteries are more difficult to assess with invasive imaging methods, due to the anatomic features of intracranial arteries (eg, small calibers, tortuosity, and deep locations of the arteries within the skull). There have been reports measuring pressure gradient across sICAS lesions using pressure guidewire during performance of cerebral angiography in small case series; 37,38 however, this could not be widely applied by far.…”

Vertebral Artery Stenoses Contribute to the Development of Diffuse Plaques in the Basilar Artery

“…There are various potential risk factors for the development of intracranial diseases, e.g., hypertension, smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (Arbab-Zadeh and Fuster, 2015;Toutouzas et al, 2015), and biomechanical stresses (Chatzizisis et al, 2008;Seneviratne et al, 2013;Toutouzas et al, 2015;Thondapu et al, 2016). Previous studies have shown that a mild stenosis significantly increased the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and decreased the oscillatory shear index (OSI) to result in a more uniform distribution of hemodynamic parameters inside the stenosis (Huo et al, 2013a;Huang et al, 2016). The stenosis also created the disturbed flows distal to the stenosis.…”