Morphometric assessment of testicular changes in drug-related fatalities

Reuhl, J.; Bachl, M; Schneider, M. D.; Lutz, F. U.; Bratzke, H.

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00327-3

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…150 In addition, an autopsy study showed that men addicted to a variety of drugs and alcohol were more likely than the general population to have testicular pathology. 151 In line with these observations, two case– control studies from the USA found an increased risk of testicular cancer, in particular nonseminoma, among individuals with frequent and long-term marijuana use. 152-153 Although these findings are suggestive of an association with testicular carcinogenesis, further studies are required to confirm any association.…”

Section: Drug Usementioning

confidence: 76%

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

2012

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The incidence of testicular cancer has been increasing over the past several decades in many developed countries. The reasons for the increases are unknown because risk factors for the disease are poorly understood. Some research suggests that exposures in utero or in early childhood are likely to be important in determining an individual's level of risk. However, other research suggests that exposure to various factors in adolecence and adulthood are also linked to the development of testicular cancer. Of these, two occupational exposures—firefighting and aircraft maintenance—and one environmental exposure (to organochloride pesticides) are likely to be associated with increased risk of developing testicular cancer. By contrast, six of the identified factors—diet, types of physical activity, military service as well as exposure to ionizing radiation, electricity and acrylamide—are unlikely to increase the risk of developing testicular cancer. Finally, seven further exposures—to heat, polyvinylchloride, nonionizing radiation, heavy metals, agricultural work, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls as well as marijuana use—require further study to determine their association with testicular cancer.

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Section: Drug Usementioning

confidence: 76%

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

2012

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“…Cocaine and cannabinoids are known to impair spermatogenesis in male mammals. A postmortem examination of testicular histology of 50 opiate‐positive drug addicts who were also positive for cannabinoids, alcohol and other drugs showed reduced maturation of germinal cells, decrease in tubular diameter and height of sperm‐producing epithelium 132 . Cannabis has also been linked to non‐seminoma testicular germ cell tumours 133 …”

Section: Testicular Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The histopathology of drugs of abuse

Milroy

Parai

2011

Histopathology

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The use of drugs for recreational purposes is widespread. The drugs used can be divided into groups including stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, etc.), opiates and opioids (heroin, oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, etc.), sedatives (benzodiazepines and related substances) and miscellaneous drugs, including ketamine and cannabis (marijuana). These drugs can have profound effects on all organ systems in the body. The method of administration, whether by injection or inhalation, can cause localized and systemic effects, including the transmission of infection and granulomata at the site of injection and in the lungs. Suppurative abscesses from injection can result in systemic amyloidosis. Stimulants have profound effects on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, with enlarged hearts with fibrosis seen microscopically and cerebral infarction and haemorrhage. Crack cocaine use is also associated with changes in the pulmonary system, including carbon pigmented intra-alveolar macrophages, emphysema and pulmonary arterial changes. Cannabis use is associated with brown pigmented macrophages in the lung as well as changes in the respiratory tract epithelium. Opiates/opioids are associated with inhalational pneumonitis and hypoxic brain damage due to their respiratory depressant effects. Heroin use has been associated with focal segmental glomerulonephritis (heroin-associated nephropathy: HAN). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use is associated with changes in the cardiovascular system. Its use can lead to hyperpyrexia, which results in systemic changes. Ketamine abuse has been associated with cystitis. Drugs of abuse may affect testicular function. In analysing the effects of drugs at autopsy a systematic approach to sampling of histology is required.

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“…They added that such effects may be attributed to the spermicidal effect of tramadol. Reuhl et al [30] showed thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, tubular atrophy and arrest of cell maturation in opioid abusers. It is well known that changes in the basement membrane thickness can impair testicular metabolism promoting tubular atrophy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of tramadol on the reproductive function of male albino rats: an experimental biochemical and histopathological study

Salah

Wagih

Zaki

et al. 2019

Middle East Fertil Soc J

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Background: Tramadol is a commonly abused erotic drug that recently has gained popularity among young men. It is a centrally acting analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic toxic effects of tramadol on the reproductive system of male albino rats. It was carried out on 60 rats weighing 130-150 g divided into two groups. The first group (control group) included 30 rats and received normal saline 0.9% 1 ml/day orally for 45 days. The second group (tramadol group) included 30 rats and received tramadol 60 mg/kg subcutaneously three times per week for 45 days. Blood samples were obtained from the animals and analysed for serum testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin levels. Also, the testes were excised and examined for histopathological changes. Results: The results revealed that there was a decrease in the serum levels of testosterone (P = 0.009), FSH (P = 0.057) and LH (P = 0.002) and an increase in the serum prolactin level (P = 0.166) in animals treated with tramadol. In addition, histopathological examination revealed distinct abnormal changes compared with the corresponding control group. Conclusion: The present study affirms the deleterious chronic toxic effects of tramadol on the reproductive system of male albino rats. It is thus advisable that tramadol should be used with caution with appropriate dose monitoring to avoid its undesirable side effects on male fertility.

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Morphometric assessment of testicular changes in drug-related fatalities

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer

The histopathology of drugs of abuse

Long-term effects of tramadol on the reproductive function of male albino rats: an experimental biochemical and histopathological study

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