Morphometric examination of the styloid process by 3D-CT in patients with Eagle syndrome

Ayyildiz, Veysel; Şenel, Fatih Ahmet; Dursun, Ahmet; Öztürk, Kenan

doi:10.1007/s00405-019-05602-6

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, the styloid apophysis of the temporal bone, with the "Riolano bouchet", can be considered an integral part of the TMH system, which may also be described using an extended definition of the temporal-mandible-tongue-hyoid (TMTH) System The clinical observation of patients with mixed symptoms, 6 and with Costen, 7 and Eagle syndrome, 8 led to a diagnostic imaging protocol, which included both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the TMJ and the computerized tomography (CT) images of the styloid apophysis. 9 This protocol demonstrated, in all the cases considered, a close correlation between the affected side and an increased length of the apophysis (with or without calcification of the styloid ligament) and with anterior dislocation of the articular disc of the TMJ. 10 The aims of this study were to describe how a case involving a variety of symptoms, characteristics of TMJ disorders, prevalent in one side, are linked to an increased length of the apophysis and with anterior dislocation of the articular disc of the TMJ of the same side concerned.…”

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confidence: 53%

The role of the styloid apophysis of the temporal bone in the biomechanics of the tongue, mandible, hyoid system: a case study

Messina

2020

Eur J Transl Myol

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Temporomandibular disorders are characterized by ear pain, tinnitus, difficulty in chewing, dysphagia and also dizziness, cervical limitation of range of movement (ROM) and other less common disorders. Numerous recent studies associate the presence of these signs and symptoms with an elongated styloid apophysis, as in the case of Eagle syndrome. The purpose of this clinical case is to support the thesis of a common syndrome that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders with an elongated styloid process affirming the relationship between temporal bone, mandibule, hyoid bone and tongue. The patient was a 57-year-old woman who reported having ear algia and tinnitus all on the right side with difficulty chewing accompanied by odynophagia and dysphagia of solid and liquid foods, as well as cervical disorders. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an anterior right dislocation of the TMJ articular disc. The patient presented classic symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, with the primary examinations showing an anterior right dislocation of the articular disc of the TMJ, as well as a longer styloid process on the same side. We therefore suggested that, in this case report, TMJ disorders may be associated with a longer styloid process on the same side.

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confidence: 53%

The role of the styloid apophysis of the temporal bone in the biomechanics of the tongue, mandible, hyoid system: a case study

Messina

2020

Eur J Transl Myol

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“…It is associated with several complications, such as, dysphagia, recurrent throat pain, foreign body sensation, otalgia, tinnitus, globus sensation, cervical pain, headache, pain on neck rotation, dizziness, and cerebral ischemia, and vertigo [7,11,20] . Clinicians are conscious about this medical disorder [1]. On the other hand, one of the cervical vertebra variations brings about similar symptoms like Eagle syndrome [3,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the relation between the elongated styloid process and the ponticulus posticus using cone-beam computed tomography

2022

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Background: Ponticlus posticus as a one of the cervical vertebra variations brings about symptoms similar to Eagle syndrome. This study aimed to determine the relationship between elongated styloid process (ESP) and ponticulus posticus (PP) in a group of Iranian patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods: The CBCT images of 349 patients (118 males and 231 females; mean age: 32.53 ± 14.143) were involved in this study. The atlas vertebra was investigated for the presence and classification of PP (partial or complete) in sagittal views. Also, the styloid process was evaluated for the presence of ESP in reconstructed panoramic and 3D images. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and Chi-square test to assess the relationship between the presence of PP and ESP with regard to age and gender. 2 Results: PP was observed in 24.5% of patients with ESP and 31.98% of patients without ESP. There was no significant relationship between the presence of PP and ESP (p = 0.198). 25 patients with ESP showed PP, cases of ESP with either side and opposite side PP were 7.84% and 1.96%, respectively. Cases of bilateral ESP and PP were predominant (14.70%). The mean age of patients with bilateral ESP and PP was higher than others. There was no significant difference between males and females (p = 0.456). Conclusions: Considering the prevalence and characteristics of PP in the case and control groups, there was no significant relationship between PP and ESP.

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“…Various measuring methods have been used for the length calculation of the SP. There are studies in the literature referring to measurements on dry skulls [9,11], panoramic radiographs [10,14], Computerized Tomography (CT) images [3,15], or cadavers [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elongated Styloid Process: Mapping the incidence in Greek population

Anastasios¹,

Tsoucalas²,

Vasileios³

2021

IJAR

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Background: Styloid process (SP) is a needle shaped projection of the temporal bone, which lies in close proximity to several important anatomical structures of the head and neck. It attracts the attention of anatomists, otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons, as an abnormally long SP is linked with a clinical condition known as Eagle Syndrome. There are numerous studies in the literature investigating morphometric characteristics of SP, including its length in different populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of SP elongation in Greek population and to construct an epidemiologic map showing the incidence of SP elongation across different regions of Greek territory. Materials and methods: Two hundred and nine skulls retrieved from cemeteries across Greece were meticulously examined. Ninety-four male skulls and one-hundred and fifteen females, all of Hellenic origin. SP length was measured from the lowest inner point of the surface between the SP and the stylomastoid foramen to its tip, utilizing a digital caliper and a steel wire. Data from this study were statistically analyzed and combined with data from other studies in Greek population in order to construct a detailed epidemiologic map. Results: The mean length was 27.26 ± 5.89 mm for the left and 27.84 ± 6.31 mm for the right SP. In males 36.4% of the left and 37.8% of the right SP were elongated. In females the incidence of SP elongation was 14.3% and 15.5% for left and right side respectively. Statistically significant association was observed between gender and SP length but not between age and SP length. Conclusion: This study enriches the literature by adding information about elongated SP incidence in Greek population. It reviews the existing studies about SP length in Greeks and presents an epidemiologic map showing the incidence of SP elongation across different regions in Greece. KEY WORDS: Skull, Eagle syndrome, Hellenic population, Elongated Styloid Process.

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Morphometric examination of the styloid process by 3D-CT in patients with Eagle syndrome

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

The role of the styloid apophysis of the temporal bone in the biomechanics of the tongue, mandible, hyoid system: a case study

The role of the styloid apophysis of the temporal bone in the biomechanics of the tongue, mandible, hyoid system: a case study

Evaluating the relation between the elongated styloid process and the ponticulus posticus using cone-beam computed tomography

Elongated Styloid Process: Mapping the incidence in Greek population

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