Morphometric features of the craniocervical junction region in dogs with suspected Chiari-like malformation determined by combined use of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography

Abstract

The anatomic abnormality responsible for CC was AOO in a substantial percentage of dogs suspected to have CLM. The CC index value may be used to help differentiate subtypes of craniocervical junction abnormalities in dogs.

Dogs attending primary‐care practice in England with clinical signs suggestive of Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia

“…Jack Russell Terriers and Yorkshire Terriers, although not identified at increased risk in this study, were also diagnosed. These findings suggest that some breeds other than the CKCS have similar morphological characteristics associated with CM/SM (Marino and others 2012, Cerda-Gonzalez and others 2015). However, Griffon Bruxellois was under-represented in the current study despite having high CM/SM incidence in other studies (Rusbridge and others 2009, Marino and others 2012).…”

“…These findings suggest that some breeds other than the CKCS have similar morphological characteristics associated with CM/SM (Marino and others 2012, Cerda-Gonzalez and others 2015). However, Griffon Bruxellois was under-represented in the current study despite having high CM/SM incidence in other studies (Rusbridge and others 2009, Marino and others 2012). Two of the three crossbreds in the study were partly CKCS, indicating that despite introduction of new genetic material from crossing, causative factors of CM/SM are likely to be inherited (Rusbridge and Knowler 2003, Knowler and others 2016).…”

“…Miniaturisation and brachycephaly are reported risk factors for CM (Schmidt and others 2011, Marino and others 2012, Driver and others 2013). CM cases have been reported in many dog breeds with these attributes, including the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) (Dewey and others 2005, Rusbridge 2007, Marino and others 2012, Harcourt-Brown and others 2015), French Bulldog, Griffon Bruxellois, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Maltese Terrier, Pug and Yorkshire Terrier (Marino and others 2012).…”

Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and a novel surgical approach of atlanto-axial instability with incongruence in dogs

“…The main characteristic of incongruence is represented by the disruption of this relationship, which was assessed in this study in CT multiplanar images of all affected patients. The combined diagnostic approach described herein, which included both CT and MRI, is consistent with the described approach recently described in veterinary research and used in human medicine for complete evaluation of the cranio-spinal junction [8,14,16,25].…”

“…Several works have been devoted to AA instability, but the role of AA incongruence between the atlas and the axis as well the treatment options remain poorly defined [2,4,5,6,7,10,11,16,18]. The specific aims of the current study were twofold.…”