Morphometric measurements from various reference points in the orbit of male Caucasians

Karakaş, Pınar; Mg, Bozkir; Oğuz, Özkan

doi:10.1007/s00276-002-0071-0

Cited by 99 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The mean distance between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital margin was 6.16 mm which was very close to that of 6.10 mm by Hindy and Abdel-Raouf [12] as described in Table 4 [3, 4, 6, 7, 11-14]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The distances between the infraorbital foramen and the midpoint of the infraorbital margin vary from 4 to 12 mm in several studies [6, 11, 12] but the same distance ranged from 2 to 11.5 mm in current study. The range of these distances was wider on lower side among Indians which is an alert to surgeons treating Indians anywhere in the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The position of the infraorbital foramen helps to locate the infraorbital plexus region which we believe a risk zone during plastic surgery [5]. The location of this foramen determines morphometric variations from reference points to decrease the risk of orbital surgery [6]. The morphometry of this foramen plays an important role during regional block anesthesia techniques of the infraorbital nerve [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern surgical procedures [6], anesthesia [10] and acupuncture require a more precise understanding of the surrounding anatomy [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls

Singh

2011

Anat Cell Biol

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We analyzed the variability in position, shape, size and incidence of the infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls as little literature is available on this foramen in Indians to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Fifty-five Indian skulls from the Department of Anatomy CSM Medical University were examined. The 110 sides (left and right) of the skulls were analyzed by measuring the infraorbital foramina distances from infraorbital margin and the piriform aperture on both sides. The vertical and horizontal dimensions were also measured. All measurements were taken with a compass transferred to calipers and analyzed statistically. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital margin on the right and left side were 6.12 mm and 6.19 mm, respectively. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture were 15.31 mm and 15.80 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean vertical dimensions on the right and left side were 3.39 mm and 3.75 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal dimensions on the two sides were 3.19 mm and 3.52 mm. These results provide detailed knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and clinical importance of the infraorbital foramina which are of paramount importance for surgeons when performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern surgical procedures [6], anesthesia [10] and acupuncture require a more precise understanding of the surrounding anatomy [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls

Singh

2011

Anat Cell Biol

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“…Clinically, nerves emerging from this foramen could probably be injured during surgical procedures, like orthognathic surgeries involving the correction of maxillary arch discrepancies, management of Le Fort II fractures, and so forth resulting in paraesthesia or anaesthesia. The IOF is also an important reference point used in orbital surgeries [7] and is an important surgical location for external access to the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc operation) [36]. Furthermore, an understanding of the anatomical location of the IOF is of increased importance with the rising popularity of endoscopic procedures with limited visibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of the Infraorbital Foramen: The Clinical Relevance

Nanayakkara

Peiris

Mannapperuma

et al. 2016

Anatomy Research International

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The present study was conducted to ascertain the shape, size, presence of accessory foramina, direction, and the precise position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the inferior orbital margin (IOM), anterior nasal spine (ANS), nasion (Na), maxillary teeth, and supraorbital foramen/notch (SOF/N) in adult skulls in a Sri Lankan population. Fifty-four skulls (42 males and 12 females) were analyzed. The IOF was oval in shape (38.6% and 36.3% on the right and left side, resp.) in a majority of skulls. The direction of the IOF was mostly medially downward (48.6%). Accessory foramina were found in 7.4% of the skulls. The infraorbital foramina were located at a mean distance of 6.52 ± 2.03 mm and 7.30 ± 1.57 mm, vertically below the IOM on the right and left side, respectively; 33.81 ± 2.68 mm and 34.23 ± 2.56 mm from the ANS on the right and left side, respectively; and 42.37 ± 3.52 mm and 42.52 ± 3.28 mm from the Na on the right and left side, respectively. In relation to the upper teeth the majority of IOF (37.5% and 55.9% on the right and left side, resp.) were located in the same vertical axis as the tip of the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolar tooth.

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Bony landmarks of the medial orbital wall: An anatomical study of ethmoidal foramina

et al. 2013

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The study determines the distribution patterns of ethmoidal foramina (EF) evaluate how they are affected by gender or bilateral asymmetry, and highlights the surgical implications on the anatomical landmarks of the orbit. Two hundred and forty-nine dry orbits were assessed. The number and pattern of EF were determined and distances between the anterior lacrimal crest (ALC), anterior (AEF) middle (MEF), posterior (PEF) ethmoidal foramina and between PEF and the optic canal (OC) were measured. The patterns of EF were classified as type I (single foramen) in 4 orbits (1.6%), type II (double foramina) in 152 (61%), type III (triple foramina) in 71 (28.5%), and type IV (multiple foramina) in 22 orbits (16.4%). Two orbits were found with five EF and a single orbit with six EF. A significant gender difference was observed for ALC-AEF distance (P ≤ 0.03), in males 23.53 ± 2.86 (20.67-26.39) versus females 22.51 ± 3.72 (18.79-26.23) mm. Bilateral asymmetry was observed for ALC-AEF distance (P ≤ 0.01). The distances ALC-AEF and ALC-PEF varied significantly according to EF classification (P ≤ 0.03 and P ≤ 0.02). The navigation ratio from ALC-AEF, AEF-PEF, and PEF-OC, in Greek population was "23-10-4 mm". A variation in the number of EF was found, ranging from 1 to 6, with the first report of sextuple EF. Although measures were generally consistent across genders and side, there are significant differences across ethnicities. These findings suggest that surgeons must consider population differences in determining the anatomical landmarks and navigation points of the orbit.

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Morphometric measurements from various reference points in the orbit of male Caucasians

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls

Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls

Morphometric Analysis of the Infraorbital Foramen: The Clinical Relevance

Bony landmarks of the medial orbital wall: An anatomical study of ethmoidal foramina

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