Morphometric parameters and histological Study of the Filum Terminale of Adult human cadavers and MR images

Nasr, Ashraf Youssef; Hussein, Adel M.; Zaghloul, Said Ahmed

doi:10.5603/fm.a2018.0041

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, not only does the LL magnitude increase in cases of a larger PI but also the LL apex and inflection point are located more toward the cranial side [ 14 ]. Thus, in cases with a large PI the local lordosis around L1, where the conus medullaris is often located [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], might be greater, and the conus medullaris might be located more toward the cranial side in the twisted spinal canal. The present study did not measure local sagittal alignment around L1, and so this discussion is only speculative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conus medullaris is located at the terminal end of the spinal cord. The lower-most tapering extremity of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The thoracolumbar junction includes the conus medullaris and cauda equina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although its level varies between T12 and lower L2, it typically lies at the inferior aspect of the L1 vertebra in adults [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The level of the conus medullaris is important in spinal anesthesia and spinal surgeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

Nakashima

Ito

Katayama

et al. 2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The conus medullaris typically terminates at the L1 level; however, variations in its level and the factors associated with the conus medullaris level are unclear. We investigated the level of conus medullaris on magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. In total, 629 healthy adult volunteers (≥50 individuals of each sex and in each decade of age from 20 to 70) were enrolled. The level of the conus medullaris was assessed based on the T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance images, and factors affecting its level were investigated employing multivariate regression analysis including the participants’ background and radiographical parameters. L1 was the most common conus medullaris level. Participant height was significantly shorter in the caudally placed conus medullaris (p = 0.013). With respect to the radiographical parameters, pelvic incidence (p = 0.003), and pelvic tilt (p = 0.03) were significantly smaller in participants with a caudally placed conus medullaris. Multiple regression analysis showed that the pelvic incidence (p < 0.0001) and height (p < 0.0001) were significant factors affecting the conus medullaris level. These results indicated that the length of the spinal cord varies little among individuals and that skeletal differences affect the level of the conus medullaris.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

Nakashima

Ito

Katayama

et al. 2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The filum terminale is an important fibrous anatomical structure in the pathophysiology and treatment of TCS. It is crucial to understand the morphometric parameters, histological structure, variants, and imaging of the FT for better diagnosis or treatment of TCS [6]. The FT consists of the filum terminale internum (FTI) and the filum terminale externum (FTE) [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired oxidative metabolism is the pathophysiological basis of TCS [1,2,3,4,5]. The main structure anchoring the caudal end of the spinal cord, the filum terminale (FT), is abnormally short and/or inelastic [6,7,8]. Progressive neurological and urological dysfunctions and orthopedic deformities secondary to fixation or tethering of the distal spinal cord are the main characteristics of TCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Sigma-Class Glutathione-S-Transferase in Fetal and Pediatric Filum Terminale Samples: A Comparative Study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and objectives: The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children is not well elucidated. An inelastic filum terminale (FT) is the main factor underlying the stretching of the spinal cord in TCS. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in children and fetal FT samples in order to understand the relationship between this enzyme expression and the development of TCS. Materials and Methods: FT samples were obtained from ten children with TCS (Group 1) and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. For comparison, FT samples from fifteen normal human fetuses (Group 2) were also analyzed using the same techniques. Statistical comparison was made using a Chi-square test. Results: Positive GST-sigma expression was detected in eight (80%) of 10 samples in Group 1. The positive GST-sigma expression was less frequent in nine (60%) of 15 samples from Group 2. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups (p = 0.197). Conclusions: Decreased FT elasticity in TCS may be associated with increased GST expression in FT. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of the GST–TCS relationship in children.

show abstract

Morphology of the distal tip of the spinal cord in Alligator mississippiensis

Greer

Cramberg

Young

2022

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secondary neurulation is a common feature of vertebrate development, which in non-mammalian and non-anuran vertebrates, results in the formation of a caudal spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to describe the terminal end of the caudal spinal cord in a crocodylian, a group chosen for their unique status of a living-tailed archosaur. The caudal spinal cord of Alligator mississippiensis terminates near the intervertebral joint between the fourth and fifth terminal vertebrae. Prior to this termination, the dorsal root ganglia get proportionately larger, then stop before the termination of the spinal cord; and the gray matter of the spinal cord is lost producing an unusual morphology in which an ependymal-lined central canal is surrounded by only white matter which is not divided into a cauda equina. The inner layer of the meninges (the pia-arachnoid) courses over the distal end of the spinal cord and forms a ventral attachment, reminiscent of a very short Filum terminale; there is no caudal cistern. The dura extends beyond the termination of the spinal cord, continuing for at least the length of the fourth terminal vertebra, forming a structure herein termed the distal meningeal sheath. During its course, the distal meningeal sheath surrounds a mass of mesothelial cells, then terminates as an attachment on the dorsal surface of the vertebra.

show abstract

Morphometric parameters and histological Study of the Filum Terminale of Adult human cadavers and MR images

Abstract: Morphometric parameters, histological structure, variants, and MR imaging of the filum terminale are necessary for clinicians who dealing with diagnosis or treatment of tethered cord syndrome.

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

Expression of Sigma-Class Glutathione-S-Transferase in Fetal and Pediatric Filum Terminale Samples: A Comparative Study

Morphology of the distal tip of the spinal cord in Alligator mississippiensis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About