Morphometric Variation in Introduced Populations of the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis): An Application of the Jackknife to Principal Component Analysis

Gibson, A. Ralph; Baker, Allan J.; Moeed, Abdul

doi:10.1093/sysbio/33.4.408

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results suggest that little multicolinearity exists among variables; therefore, none of the variables were combined or removed for other analyses. Furthermore, no other interpretations from these analyses were made due to dangers in interpreting factor analyses in which so little of the variance can be explained (Gibson et al 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Maintenance of High Species Diversity in the Neotropics: Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior in Understory Birds of Tropical and Temperate Forests

Marraand¹,

Remsen²

1997

Ornithological Monographs

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Maintenance of High Species Diversity in the Neotropics: Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior in Understory Birds of Tropical and Temperate Forests

Marraand¹,

Remsen²

1997

Ornithological Monographs

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“…The loadings on this axis were fairly similar and we wanted to determine whether the differences on the first axis were due to size alone. To determine if this axis was only a size axis, we generated 99% confidence limits for the eigenvector values for the different variables by jackknifing the data (Efron 1982;Gibson et al 1984;Mosteller and Tukey 1977) wherein the units removed from each analysis were individual plants. This allowed us to compare the first eigenvector from the leaf data with a vector of isometry, i.e., one which represents size alone (Pimentel 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of morphological variation and organization within and among populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata

Robson¹,

Scagel²,

Maze³

1988

Can. J. Bot.

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MAZE, J. 1988. Sources of morphological variation and organization within and among populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata. Can. J . Bot. 66: 11 -17. Comparisons of differences between morphological means of individual plant parts indicate that the greatest source of variation in two populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata is the individual plants within populations; within-population diversity is greater than among-population diversity. Variable covariance and correlations differ between individual plants and there are subgroups of interrelated variables that can be tied to developmental phenomena. The relationship between developmental phenomena and these groups of variables suggests a relationship between organizational, as reflected in variable interrelationships, and ontogenetic variation. These results are not adequately explained by neoDaminian theory but are explained more comprehensively by a theory of evolution that views biological change over time as an intrinsically driven self-organization, accompanied by an increase in complexity (a manifestation of the "Second Law of Thermodynamics" as it applies to open systems).ROBSON, K. A., SCAGEL, R. K., et MAZE, J. 1988. Sources of morphological variation and organization within and among populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata. Can. J . Bot. 66 : 11 -17. La comparaison des diffkrences entre les moyennes morphologiques des parties individuelles de plantes indique que les plants individuels 1'intCrieur des populations constituent la source de variation la plus importante dans les deux populations du Balsamorhiza sagittata; la diversitk intra-population est plus grande que la diversit6 inter-population. La covariance des variables et les corrClations different entre les plants individuels et il existe des sous-groupes de variables en corklation qui peuvent &tre liCs aux phCnomknes du dCveloppement. Les relations entre les phCnomknes du dCveloppement et ces groupes de variables indiquent des relations entre la variation organisationnelle, comme le dCmontre la relation kciproque entre les variables, et la variation ontoginique. Le nCo-Daminisme n'explique pas adCquatement ces rCsultats qui s'expliquent de f a~o n plus complkte par une thCorie de I'Cvolution qui considkre les changements biologiques temporels comme une auto-organisation mue intrinskquement, accompagnke d'une plus grand complexit6 (une manifestation de la ~Deuxikme Loi de la Thermodynamique,, telle qu'elle s'applique aux systkmes ouverts).[Traduit par la revue]

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“…This constancy suggests that a limited number of evolutionary accessible trajectories is a widespread and persistent feature among natural populations. If so, then this may provide an explanation for the patterns of multivariate morphological variation found in several taxa (Sokal 1978;Sokal et al 1980;Sokal and Riska 1981;Gibson et al 1984;Voss et al 1990;Armbruster 1991;Bjorklund 1991;Bjorklund and Merila 1993) where almost all variation relates to variation in one dimension, such as size. Clearly, more genetic data are needed to draw more compelling conclusions, but in the meantime, the patterns of phenotypic variation in growth trajectories in addition to the pattern of variation among taxa suggest that the number of evolutionary degrees of freedom is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation of Growth Trajectories in Finches

Björklund

1993

Evolution

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Abstract.-Evolution cannot proceed without phenotypic variation for selection to act on. This is particularly true of ontogenetic parameters because it is changes in these parameters that give rise to new phenotypes. I analyzed the amount and dimensionality of phenotypic variation on growth trajectories in early ontogeny in three species of finches (Fringillidae) using the recently developed infinite-dimensional model. For two species, eight traits were analyzed, and for a third, six traits. Growth data were analyzed only up to 6 d of age in two species and 8 d of age in the third. The results were very similar for all species and traits. A very large proportion of the phenotypic variation in growth trajectories was confined to a single dimension. This dimension corresponded to a simultaneous increase/decrease at all ages in early ontogeny. The eigenfunctions, each describing a family ofsimilar-shaped growth trajectories, were highly collinear among traits. A high covariance existed among traits at the same and different ages. If some part of the phenotypic variation has an additive genetic basis, then any selection for a change in size at one age in one trait will lead to a response in a size at subsequent ages and in the other traits. This in tum suggests that morphological evolution frequently will move along a multivariate size axis, as has indeed been found in several taxa.

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Morphometric Variation in Introduced Populations of the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis): An Application of the Jackknife to Principal Component Analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Insights into the Maintenance of High Species Diversity in the Neotropics: Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior in Understory Birds of Tropical and Temperate Forests

Insights into the Maintenance of High Species Diversity in the Neotropics: Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior in Understory Birds of Tropical and Temperate Forests

Sources of morphological variation and organization within and among populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata

Phenotypic Variation of Growth Trajectories in Finches

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