Morphometry and Surgical Importance of Foramen Magnum

Arora, Sandeep; Sharma, Sanjay; Siddiqui, Sadiq; Khatri, Simmi

doi:10.16965/ijar.2016.367

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…21 Konig et al used dimensions of the FM analysis in 3D computer tomography, which reported 81% accuracy in sex determination. 22 Despite the anatomical and clinical significance of the dimensions and different shapes of FM in determining the age and sex of individuals, there is still no fundamental study. It should be noted that the determination of age and sex by FM varies in different populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also stated that the relationship between age and FM region variables is not completely accurate 21 . Konig et al used dimensions of the FM analysis in 3D computer tomography, which reported 81% accuracy in sex determination 22 . Despite the anatomical and clinical significance of the dimensions and different shapes of FM in determining the age and sex of individuals, there is still no fundamental study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sex and Age Determination by Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions on Computer Tomography Scanning Study in the Iranian Population

Hosseini

Soleimannejad

Javadi³

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Background: Individual distinguishing evidence may be an imperative field of measurable investigation which demonstrates higher correct expectation rates. This process of recognizable Evidence is facilitated by the assurance of sex and age. In circumstances where there are fragmented and mangled skeletal remains, sex assurance is moderately troublesome, and it becomes important to set up the precision of cadaver bones. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism and age determination by measuring foramen magnum (FM) dimensions in the Iranian population using digital computed tomography scan. Methods: The study sample consisted of a modern adult Iranian population of 120 males and 109 females (age range: 15-50 years). Length, width, and area of FM, also FM index were measured on base skull computed tomography scan. Result: All of the parameters of FM (length, width, area, and FM index), were larger in men than women. The accuracy of sex determination was up to 50.2. The highest accuracy for sex determination was FM width (67.9). This study also helps craniofacial surgeon for exact reference value of FM, which are authorize neurosurgeons' accessibility to the brain stem approach and FM region with minimum retraction. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the result, that morphometric analyze of FM is useful for sex determination but cannot be suitable for age determination.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Age Determination by Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions on Computer Tomography Scanning Study in the Iranian Population

Hosseini

Soleimannejad

Javadi³

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…In an ovoid type of the FM, for example, the surgeon may find it difficult to explore the anterior portion of the FM. 19 The shape of the FM can also be determined by using the FMI. Muthukumar et al have considered the FM to be oval when the FMI was > 1.2, and they considered the rest (FMI < 1.2) as round.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum in Dry Human Skulls in Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2019

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Introduction The successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. This process of identification is facilitated by the determination of age, gender, and ethnicity. One of the main biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the gender of the individual. In situations in which there are fragmented and mutilated skeletal remains, gender determination is relatively difficult, and it becomes important to establish the accuracy of individual bones. The basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected anatomical position and, as such, classification of gender using the occipital bone may prove to be useful in cases of significantly disrupted remains. The present study aims to describe and analyze the morphological aspects of the foramen magnum (FM) in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil. Material and Methods A total of 159 dry skulls (88 males and 71 females) were subjected to measurement by a digital caliper (DIGIMESS®, Instrumentos de Precisão Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil) and was assessed for anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), FM area, FM index (FMI), anterior, posterior and maximum lateral intercondylar distance. The measurement of all of these parameters sought to classify the FM in nine different types. Results The pentagonal type was the most found in males (11.31%), and the biconvex in females (18.86%). The less frequent type in males was the pear type (2.53%), and in females the less frequent types were the pentagonal and the heptagonal types (2.53% each). Using the traditional anthropological classification of Martin et al,13 the most common type of FM was the brachytrematous, with 49.68% of the total skulls. The APD, TD and FM area were higher in males than in females, only in the oval FM type. Conclusion The sexual dimorphism of the dimensions of the FM is established. However, there is a wide variability in the shape and measures in different populations, and to our knowledge this is the first study that shows the different types of the FM in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil.

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Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum in Adult Dry Skulls in Dakshina Kannada

Bhaskar

Anjana

Satheesha

et al. 2017

IJHSP

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The objectives of the present study were to determine the type and morphometric measurements of Foramen magnum (FM) in dry human skulls of Dakshina Kannada district of Southern India. Material and Methods: The present study included 50 adult human skulls of which 32 were males and 18 females. The type of foramen magnum observed macroscopically. Antero-posterior (APD) and transverse diameters (TD) were measured by using stainless steel electronic digital callipers. Foramen magnum Index (FMI) was calculated by using formula FMI = APD/TD. Results: Present study observed 4 types of shapes of foramen magnum, among them ovoid type was found higher frequency (48%). Antero-posterior diameter is a distance between Basion and Opisthion 34.95 mm in males and 34.58 mm in females out of 34.81 mm. The transverse diameters 28.66 mm in males and 28.84 mm in females out of 28.73 mm. Foramen magnum index ≥ 1.2 was considered as ovoid and found in 56% of skulls. Conclusion: We believe that the present study provided additional information about the morphology and morphometric analysis of foramen magnum which is important to radiological, and neurosurgical literature.

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Morphometry and Surgical Importance of Foramen Magnum

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Sex and Age Determination by Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions on Computer Tomography Scanning Study in the Iranian Population

Sex and Age Determination by Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions on Computer Tomography Scanning Study in the Iranian Population

Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum in Dry Human Skulls in Northeastern Brazil

Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum in Adult Dry Skulls in Dakshina Kannada

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