Morphometry of the Hypoglossal Canal, Occipital Condyle, and Foramen Magnum

Kızılkanat, Emine; Boyan, Neslihan; Soames, Roger; Oğuz, Özkan

doi:10.1097/01.wnq.0000214018.49915.49

Cited by 43 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Furthermore, the maximum distances between the pharyngeal tubercle and hypoglossal canal were greater on each side than in the study by Ji et al (2012). The external entrance of hypoglossal canal joins the boundaries of the safe irregular trapezoid, with the XIIth cranial nerve passing through the canal (Kizilkanat et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Ji et al (2012), while defining the shape of the clivus and the points to which the plate screws could be fixed, Kizilkanat et al (2006) and Ozer et al (2011) studied the morphometry and variations of the occipital condyle. Ji et al (2012) reported an irregular trapezoid like shape on the clivus by linking the bilateral medial external margin of the hypoglossal canal, foramen lacerum and the apex of the extracranial clivus, which is a safer area for entry points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower third of the clivus and anterior third of the occipital condyles is removed for clearing lesions located on the lower part of the clivus and CJC. The structural integrity of the occipital condyle must be understood to prevent any damage to the hypoglossal nerve: Kizilkanat et al (2006) has described the morphometry and variations of the hypoglossal canal and occipital condyle. Furthermore, knowing the distance between OC and FM can facilitate the surgery and prevent nerve injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays the undeniable contribution of endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base offers safe and effective intervention for cranial fossa pathologies. In this respect the precise morphometry of the skull base must be assessed and evaluated to enable improvements in, and the facilitation of neurosurgical operations and surgical approaches employed (Kizilkanat et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy and Clinical Importance of the Extracranial Clivus and Surrounding Structures

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy and Clinical Importance of the Extracranial Clivus and Surrounding Structures

et al. 2018

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“…These structures make a connection with the vertebral column through the atlanto-occipital joint (Kavitha et al, Bayat et al, 2014;Das at al., 2006;Naderi et al, 2005;Ozer et al, 2011;Kizilkanat et al, 2006). The integrity of the occipital condyles is very important for the stability of the craniovertebral junction, such that variations in their shape, size and angle correspond equally to variations in the atlanto-occipital joint (Naderi et al, Ozer et al).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Analysis on the Occipital Condyles and Review of the Literature

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY:Most anatomical and biomechanical studies on the craniovertebral junction have involved morphological or morphometric analysis on the occipital condyles. Some of these studies have provided important findings based on different surgical procedures. The shape, size and angle of the occipital condyles and the locations of the intracranial and extracranial orifices of the hypoglossal canal are highly important because they may affect the lateral approaches to the craniovertebral junction. To determine the frequency of occurrence of different morphological types of occipital condyle. 214 occipital condyles in 107 dry human skulls were analyzed and the classification of their morphological types was determined through assessing digitized photographic images. Among the 107 skulls analyzed, 59.8 % were male and 40.2 % were female. Their ages ranged from 11 to 91 years, with a mean of 57.56 years. Of the total of 10 morphological types of occipital condyle that were found, more than 50 % were of the "8", "S" and ring types. Condyles of "8" and "S" shape were the main types found in male skulls: the "8" shape prevailed on the left side and the "S" shape on the right side. However, in female skulls, these two types had equal bilateral distribution.

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Sex determination from the occipital condyle: Discriminant function analysis in an Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century British sample

Gapert¹,

Black²,

Last³

2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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Fragmentary human remains compromised by different types of inhumation, or physical insults such as explosions, fires, and mutilations may frustrate the use of traditional morphognostic sex determination methods. The basicranium is protected by a large soft tissue mass comprising muscle, tendon, and ligaments. As such, the occipital region may prove useful for sex identification in cases of significantly fragmented remains. The aims of this paper are to (1) evaluate sexual dimorphism in British cranial bases by manually recorded unilateral and bilateral condylar length and width as well as intercondylar measurements and (2) develop discriminant functions for sex determination for this cranial sample. The crania selected for this study are part of the 18th-19th century documented skeletal collection of St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, London. Adult human skulls (n = 146; male75/female71) were measured to derive statistical functions. Results indicated that expression of sexual dimorphism in the occipital condylar region within the St. Bride's population is demonstrable but low. Crossvalidated classification accuracy ranged between 69.2 and 76.7%, and sex bias ranged from 0.3 to 9.7%. Therefore, the use of discriminant functions derived from occipital condyles, especially in British skeletal populations, should only be considered in cases of fragmented cranial bases when no other morphognostic or morphometric method can be utilized for sex determination.

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Morphometry of the Hypoglossal Canal, Occipital Condyle, and Foramen Magnum

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Anatomy and Clinical Importance of the Extracranial Clivus and Surrounding Structures

Anatomy and Clinical Importance of the Extracranial Clivus and Surrounding Structures

Morphological Analysis on the Occipital Condyles and Review of the Literature

Sex determination from the occipital condyle: Discriminant function analysis in an Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century British sample

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