Morphotype diversity of Prorocentrum lima in the western part of Indonesian waters

Abstract

Abstract. Widiarti R, Zamani NP, Bengen DG, Madduppa H. 2021. Morphotype diversity of Prorocentrum lima in the western part of Indonesian waters. Biodiversitas 22: 609-616. Prorocentrum lima is one of the toxic benthic dinoflagellates, known to produce various toxins, including okadaic acid and dinophysis toxins. The species have a wide range of morphological variability, and possess morphotype diversity, which makes it essential to have detailed morphology observation for identification and other purposes. However, such comprehensive observation has never been reported from Indonesian waters. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics (including pore size and number of pores) of P. lima morphotypes, in the western part of Indonesian waters (Bintan Island, Belitung Island, Seribu Islands, and Karimunjawa Islands). The results showed three different and unique morphotypes of P. lima, namely morphotype 1, morphotype 2, and morphotype 3. Three clusters were presented by Cluster Analysis, corresponded to the three morphotypes, which were Belitung Island clusters, Seribu Islands and Karimunjawa Islands cluster, and Bintan Island cluster, respectively. These findings support distribution of P. lima and its potential risk of toxicity in Indonesian waters, which prompts the necessity of conducting future research, to avoid the negative impact.

Ribosomal DNA Sequence-Based Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Prorocentrum spp. (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Coastal Waters, South-West Indian Ocean

“…However, cells of isolate ISOP15 were characterized by smaller sizes as compared to other existing strains (20. 45 [34]. The phylogenetic analyses of the LSU rDNA (D1⁄D2) region showed the intermixing of Prorocentrum rhathymum and Prorocentrum mexicanum strains.…”

“…Prorocentrum lima is largely distributed from temperate to tropical marine areas worldwide [20,28,31]. Past studies indicated the cell shape, as expressed from the length/width ratio, of P. lima species as widely variable with ovoid, ellipsoid-oblong, ovate-oblong (oval-oblong), ovate-piriform, and round [13,20,21,23,28,33,37,38,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. Though early observations suggested that morphological gradations in cell size and shape within and between sites were minimal and not significant for P. lima [40,46]; however, it is now regarded as a "P. lima complex" [20,28,33].…”