Mortality Among Hourly Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Workers

Delzell, Elizabeth; Brown, David A.; Matthews, Robert

doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000079092.95532.49

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…42 Table 3 shows incidence rate ratios for the association between prostate cancer and occupational exposure stratified for low or high consumption of vegetables, fruit, and meat. A statistically significant decreased risk has been found for men exposed to diesel exhaust with a high consumption of fruit (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) compared to no consumption of fruit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study

Boers

Zeegers²,

Swaen³

et al. 2005

Occup Environ Med

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Aims:To investigate the relation between exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil in relation to prostate cancer incidence in a large prospective study.Methods:This cohort study was conducted among 58 279 men in the Netherlands. In September 1986, cohort members (55–69 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire on potential cancer risk factors, including job history. Follow up for prostate cancer incidence was established by linkage to cancer registries until December 1995 (9.3 years of follow up). The analyses included 1386 cases of prostate cancer and 2335 subcohort members. A blinded case-by-case expert exposure assessment was carried out to assign cases and subcohort members a cumulative probability of exposure for each potential carcinogenic exposure.Results:In multivariate analyses there was a significant negative association for pesticides (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.95) when comparing the highest tertile of exposure to pesticides with no exposure. No association was found for occupational exposure to PAHs (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.31), diesel exhaust (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.06), metal dust (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.40), metal fumes (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.54), or mineral oil (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.48) when comparing the highest tertile of exposure with no exposure. In subgroup analysis, with respect to tumour invasiveness and morphology, null results were found for occupational exposure to pesticides, PAH, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil.Conclusions:These results suggest a negative association between occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer. For other carcinogenic exposures results suggest no association between occupational exposure to PAHs, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, or mineral oil and prostate cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study

Boers

Zeegers²,

Swaen³

et al. 2005

Occup Environ Med

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“…(The American Cancer Society presents national incidence and mortality statistics only for the two cancers combined because of potential misclassification. 32 ) Cohort studies of autoworkers 31 and aerospace workers 32 reported an RR close to 1, whereas an RR of 1.6 was reported for unskilled rotary press operators in a study of magazine production workers. 29 In a population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Sweden, Gerhardsson de Verdier et al 33 found a significant increased RR of 2.1 for workers ever exposed to cutting fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry

Malloy

Miller

Eisen³

2006

Occup Environ Med

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Background: Rectal cancer has been previously associated with exposure to metalworking fluids in a cohort mortality study of autoworkers. Objective: To better specify the exposure-response relationship with straight metalworking fluids (mineral oils) by applying non-parametric regression methods that avoid linearity constraints and arbitrary exposure cut points and by lagging exposure to account for cancer latency, in a nested case-control analysis. Methods: In addition to the classical Poisson regression with categorical exposure, survival models with penalised splines were used to estimate the exposure-response relationship between cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid and mortality from rectal cancer. Exposures to water-based metalworking fluids were treated as potential confounders, and all exposures were lagged by 5, 10, 15 and 20 years to account for cancer latency. The influence of the highest exposures was dealt with by a log transformation and outlier removal. The sensitivity of the penalised splines to alternative criteria for model selection and to the placement of knots was also examined. Results: The hazard ratio for mortality from rectal cancer increased essentially linearly with cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid (with narrow confidence bands) up to a maximum of 2.2 at the 99th centile of exposure and then decreased (with wide confidence bands). Lagging exposure up to 15 years increased the initial steepness of the curve and raised the maximum hazard ratio to 3.2. Conclusions: Non-parametric smoothing of lagged exposures has shown stronger evidence for a causal association between straight metalworking fluid and rectal cancer than was previously described using standard analytical methods. This analysis suggests an exposure-response trend that is close to linear and statistically significant over most of the exposure range and that increases further with lagged exposures. Smoothing should be regularly applied to environmental studies with quantitative exposure estimates to refine characterisation of the dose-response relationship.

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“…In the vehicle manufacturing industry, mortality rates are reported to be higher than expected for workers in casting operations (Delzell et al, 2003) where exposure to oil-based fluid use is part of the production process. Exposure of auto industry workers to oil-based fluids was reported to be modestly associated with prostate cancer with a latency period of at least 25 years (Agalliu et al, 2005a;2005b).…”

Section: Budnik Et Al (2012) Germanymentioning

confidence: 95%

An Update on Occupation and Prostate Cancer

Doolan¹,

Benke²,

Giles³

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Our aim was to identify gaps and limitations in the current literature and to make recommendations for future research required to address these. Materials and Methods: We reviewed occupational exposures and related factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer between 2000 and 2012. These included chemical, ergonomic, physical or environmental, and psychosocial factors which have been reported by epidemiological studies across a range of industries. Results: The results are inconsistent from study to study and generally this is due to the reliance upon the retrospectivity of case-control studies and prevalence (ecological) studies. Exposure assessment bias is a recurring limitation of many of the studies in this review. Conclusions: We consider there is insufficient evidence to implicate prostate cancer risk for ergonomic, physical, environmental or psychosocial factors, but there is sufficient evidence to implicate toxic metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). More research is required to identify specific pesticides that may be associated with risk of prostate cancer.

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Mortality Among Hourly Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Workers

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study

The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study

Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry

An Update on Occupation and Prostate Cancer

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