Mortality and Gram-negative rod bacteraemia in the intensive care unit

Impact of Multiresistance of Gram-negative Bacteria in Bloodstream Infection on Mortality Rates and Length of Stay

“…The importance of an early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy [22][23][24] and its impact on hospital mortality [25][26][27] is well known. Therefore different outcomes in studies comparing resistant and susceptible bacteria might be explained with delayed administration of an appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.…”

Optimizing Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Infection due to Gram-Negative Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit: Utility of a Combination Antibiogram

“…For each of the 5 pathogens studied, the proportion of individual isolates susceptible to either antimicrobial component of combination therapy was compared with the proportion susceptible to monotherapy with each backbone agent. Significance was examined using the \ 2 or Fisher exact test. In all analyses, a P value threshold of .05 was considered to be statistically significant.…”

“…Infection caused by gram-negative bacteria is associated with the combined empirical regimen is adequate to treat highly significant morbidity and mortality among patients in the resistant gram-negative pathogens, such combination therapy intensive care unit (ICU). 1,2 The prevalence of resistance to has been advocated to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents has increased con-resistance. 18 siderably in these pathogens during the past 2 decades, 3…”

Microbiologic characteristics and predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: A 1-year, large, prospective surveillance study in 5 Italian hospitals

“…5 At the time of admission into the ICU, a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, clinical presentation with septic shock or severe sepsis, multiple comorbidities (>2), and receiving inadequate antimicrobial therapy in the first 48 hours are all generally considered to be the predictors of mortality after BSI that occur in medical or ICU wards. [6][7][8][9] Bacterial resistance to many antimicrobial classes, which is often encountered in the ICU environment, is nowadays a major concern for the clinician because it might be associated with increased length of hospital stay, worse outcomes, and difficulty of treatment. 10,11 In particular, according to a recent consensus statement issued by an international panel of experts, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pattern can be defined as nonsusceptibility to at least 1 agent in !3 antimicrobial categories, whereas an extremely drugresistant pattern is defined as nonsusceptibility to at least 1 agent in all but 2 antimicrobial categories.…”