Mortality and toxin bioaccumulation in Bufo marinus following exposure to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cell extracts and live cultures

White, S.H.; Duivenvoorden, L. J.; Fabbro, Larelle; Eaglesham, Geoff

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.010

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Only Berry et al (2009) suggested that CYN was lethal to zebrafish embryos, but apparently inhibited no specific developmental pathways. Also, White et al (2007) observed that exposure to solutions containing C. raciborskii cells, cellular debris, and toxin was associated with multiple adverse effects in Bufo marinus tadpoles, including mortality and decreases in swimming, growth rates and development. And Kinnear et al (2007) reported tissue injuries to multiple organs, with particular severity noted in the liver, intestine, nephric ducts and gill epithelia in the same amphibian.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute effects of pure cylindrospermopsin on the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed by gavage

et al. 2011

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The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a widely distributed contaminant of freshwater systems with the consequent risk for human and wildlife, particularly fish. However, CYN toxicity data on fish are still scarce. It is known that CYN inhibits glutathione synthesis and this could contribute to oxidative damage. In the present work tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed by gavage to 200 and 400 μg/kg bw of pure CYN and sacrificed after 24 h. The activity and relative mRNA expression by real-time PCR of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST) and the sGST protein abundance by Western blot analysis were evaluated in liver and kidney. Also the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assayed. Results show an increase of LPO products in both organs. Moreover, CYN altered the activity, gene expression and protein abundance of the enzymes, indicating the importance of GPx and sGST in CYN pathogenicity. This is the first time that CYN is reported to affect these enzymes in fish and they have shown to be responsive biomarkers of CYN toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute effects of pure cylindrospermopsin on the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed by gavage

et al. 2011

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“…For example, pre-metamorphic stages (tadpoles) may be consumed by terrestrial birds, thus allowing toxin to enter terrestrial food webs. However, until now, only one report refers to accumulation of microcystins in amphibians (Gkelis et al 2006) and few reports exist on microcystin toxicity in amphibians (Gromov et al 1997;Oberemm et al 1999;Fischer and Dietrich 2000b;Dvorakova et al 2002;White et al 2007). The higher microcystin concentrations accumulated in liver and pancreas confirming the preferential accumulation in those organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Bioaccumulation of microcystins in amphibians may be critical if these represent linkages to terrestrial environments (White et al 2007). For example, pre-metamorphic stages (tadpoles) may be consumed by terrestrial birds, thus allowing toxin to enter terrestrial food webs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of microcystin distribution and biomagnification in tissues of aquatic food web compartments from a shallow lake and evaluation of potential risks to public health

et al. 2012

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The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in the main components of the food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton, crayfish, shrimp, mussel, snail, fish, frog) of Lake Pamvotis (NW Greece), (2) to investigate the possibility of microcystin biomagnification and (3) to evaluate the potential threat of the contaminated aquatic organisms to human health. Significant microcystin concentrations were detected in all the aquatic organisms during two different periods, with the higher concentrations observed in phytoplankton and the lower in fish species and frogs. This is the first study reporting microcystin accumulation in the body of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmsaresti, in the brain of the fish species common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and in the skin of the frog Rana epirotica. Although there was no evidence for microcystin biomagnification, the fact that microcystins were found in lake water and in the tissues of aquatic organisms, suggests that serious risks to animal and public health are possible to occur. In addition, it is likely to be unsafe to consume aquatic species harvested in Lake Pamvotis due to the high-concentrations of accumulated microcystins.

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“…Other studies have reported effects on amphibians [156,157,158], on turtles [159,160] and birds [160,161,162,163,164,165,166]. …”

Section: Accumulation Of Cyanotoxins and Their Effects On Aquatic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…White et al [158] presented the first evidence of bioaccumulation and effects of CYN-producing C. raciborskii in the developmental stages of an amphibian ( Bufo marinus ). Maximum average tissue concentrations of 895 and 61 µg free-CYN kg −1 FW were measured after exposure to live culture containing cell-bound toxin and to whole cell extracts containing extracellular toxin, respectively, which resulted in up to 66% mortality of tadpoles exposed to live cultures, whereas tadpoles exposed to whole cell extracts containing similar toxin concentrations survived.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Cyanotoxins and Their Effects On Aquatic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins: Bioaccumulation and Effects on Aquatic Animals

2011

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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with wide geographic distribution that can produce secondary metabolites named cyanotoxins. These toxins can be classified into three main types according to their mechanism of action in vertebrates: hepatotoxins, dermatotoxins and neurotoxins. Many studies on the effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins over a wide range of aquatic organisms, including invertebrates and vertebrates, have reported acute effects (e.g., reduction in survivorship, feeding inhibition, paralysis), chronic effects (e.g., reduction in growth and fecundity), biochemical alterations (e.g., activity of phosphatases, GST, AChE, proteases), and behavioral alterations. Research has also focused on the potential for bioaccumulation and transferring of these toxins through the food chain. Although the herbivorous zooplankton is hypothesized as the main target of cyanotoxins, there is not unquestionable evidence of the deleterious effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins on these organisms. Also, the low toxin burden in secondary consumers points towards biodilution of microcystins in the food web as the predominant process. In this broad review we discuss important issues on bioaccumulation and the effects of cyanotoxins, with emphasis on microcystins, as well as drawbacks and future needs in this field of research.

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Mortality and toxin bioaccumulation in Bufo marinus following exposure to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cell extracts and live cultures

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Acute effects of pure cylindrospermopsin on the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed by gavage

Acute effects of pure cylindrospermopsin on the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed by gavage

Assessment of microcystin distribution and biomagnification in tissues of aquatic food web compartments from a shallow lake and evaluation of potential risks to public health

Cyanotoxins: Bioaccumulation and Effects on Aquatic Animals

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