Mortality associated with passive smoking in Hong Kong

McGhee, Sarah M.; Ho, Sai Yin; Schooling, CM; Ho, Lok Sang; Thomas, G. Neil; Hedley, AJ; Mak, Kwok Hang; Pető, Richárd; Lam, Tai Hing

doi:10.1136/bmj.38342.706748.47

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Our finding of a dose-dependent association of SHS with CHD is consistent with the literature. [3][4][5][6][7]15,16 An important advantage of our study is that PAD was diagnosed by the ABI measurement. 20 -22 Although this study was cross-sectional, our data on SHS status should not have been affected by differential reporting bias in CVD cases versus noncases because the SHS questions were asked before physical examination and disease end-point ascertainment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Smoking and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Women Who Never Smoked

et al. 2008

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Background-The association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and stroke remains uncertain. Methods and Results-We examined the relationship between SHS and cardiovascular diseases, particularly PAD and stroke, in Chinese women who never smoked from a population-based cross-sectional study in Beijing, China. SHS exposure was defined as exposure to another person's tobacco smoke at home or in the workplace. Cardiovascular disease events included coronary heart disease, stroke, and PAD. PAD was defined by signs of intermittent claudication as measured by the World Health Organization Rose questionnaire and an ankle-brachial index of Ͻ0.90. Among 1209 women who never smoked, 39.5% were exposed to SHS at home or in workplaces. Those individuals who were exposed to SHS had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.18) and ischemic stroke (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.35) than those never exposed to SHS after adjustment for 13 potential risk factors. The adjusted ORs of PAD defined by intermittent claudication, by ankle-brachial index Ͻ0.90, and by either intermittent claudication or ankle-brachial index Ͻ0.90 were 1.87 (95% CI, 1.30 to 2.68), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.07 to 2.03), and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.16), respectively. Dose-response relationships were found between SHS exposure amount (cigarettes per day) and duration (minutes per day) and increasing prevalence of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and PAD. Conclusions-In China, SHS exposure in women is highly prevalent. In addition to being a risk factor for coronary heart disease, SHS should be considered an important risk factor for ischemic stroke and PAD in nonsmoking women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Smoking and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Women Who Never Smoked

et al. 2008

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“…A review published in 2002 [7] identified six studies, including three longitudinal and three case-control studies, and most of these reported the effect of household smoking on COPD, with the OR ranging 1. [62] and a retrospective cohort study from Hong Kong [63], investigated the relationship between ETS exposure and COPD mortality. In the Hong Kong study, the adjusted OR related to spousal smoking was 1.67 (0.95-2.94) in never-smoking males and 2.90 (1.34-6.29) in never-smoking females [63].…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[62] and a retrospective cohort study from Hong Kong [63], investigated the relationship between ETS exposure and COPD mortality. In the Hong Kong study, the adjusted OR related to spousal smoking was 1.67 (0.95-2.94) in never-smoking males and 2.90 (1.34-6.29) in never-smoking females [63]. There was a significant doseresponse relationship with the number of smokers living with the study subject (males and females combined).…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of studies have addressed the role of ETS exposure for stroke [33,48,63,[77][78][79], although active smoking has been shown to be a significant risk factor for this disease [46]. In a population-based case-control study from New Zealand [33], the adjusted OR of nonfatal and fatal stroke related to ETS at home and/or at work was 1.82 (95% CI 1.34-2.49), and was significant both in males and females.…”

Section: Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All confidence intervals included the value of 1, which is probably explained by a small number of subjects in each subcategory. A retrospective cohort study from Hong Kong found an increased risk of stroke in relation to spousal smoking in females (OR (95% CI) 1.57 ( 1.11-2.27)) and males (1.31 (0.87-1.94)), with fewer males being exposed to ETS at home [63]. The risk for females and males combined increased significantly with increasing number of smokers at home.…”

Section: Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of smoke-free workplace legislation on exposures and health: possibilities for prevention

Jaakkola

Jaakkola²

2006

Eur Respir J

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The aims of this study were to review experiences with national or statewide smokefree workplace legislation and data on the occurrence of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at work, to present the best estimates for health effects related to workplace ETS exposure, and to calculate corresponding population attributable fractions (PAFs) for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases for 14 European countries and the USA.Systematic searches of the Medline database were carried out, with a cut-off date of November 2005. PAFs for the main outcomes were calculated from the best disease-specific effect estimates and country-specific prevalences of work ETS exposure.Significant numbers of workers are exposed to ETS at work, i.e. ,7.5 million workers in 15 European Union countries and 24.6 million in the USA. Workplace ETS exposure is causally linked to lung cancer and coronary heart disease, and is related to an increased risk of asthma in adults and reduced birthweight in newborns. Relatively strong evidence links ETS exposure to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke. PAFs in Europe and the USA showed that, at current workplace ETS exposure prevalences, the public health impact is substantial.Experience of national and statewide smoke-free workplace legislation from different countries shows that such legislation leads to significant reductions in employees' environmental tobacco smoke exposure at work, as well as improvements in respiratory and cardiac health.

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Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer

2006

Wiley Handbook of Current and Emerging Drug Therapies

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Background and purpose Radiation-esophagitis and weight loss are frequently observed toxicities in patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and might be related. The purpose was to investigate whether weight loss already starts early after initiation of CT-RT and precedes radiation-esophagitis. Materials and methodsIn a retrospective cohort, weight and esophagitis grade ≥2 were assessed during the first weeks of (CT-)RT in patients treated with concurrent (n=102) or sequential (n=92) therapy. In a prospective validation study, data on body weight, esophagitis grade ≥2, nutritional intake and muscle strength were obtained before, during and following CT-RT. Results In the retrospective cohort, early weight loss was observed in concurrently treated patients (p=0.002), independent of esophagitis≥grade 2. Early weight loss was also observed in the prospective cohort (p=0.003) and was not accompanied by decreases in nutritional intake. In addition lower limb muscle strength rapidly declined (p=0.042). In the later weeks of treatment, further body weight loss occurred (p<0.001) despite increased nutritional supplementation and body weight was only partly recovered after 4 weeks post CT-RT (p=0.003). Conclusions Weight loss during concurrent CT-RT for NSCLC starts early and prior to onset of esophagitis, requiring timely and intense nutritional rehabilitation.

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Mortality associated with passive smoking in Hong Kong

Cited by 64 publications

References 5 publications

Passive Smoking and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Women Who Never Smoked

Passive Smoking and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Women Who Never Smoked

Impact of smoke-free workplace legislation on exposures and health: possibilities for prevention

Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer

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