Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in China

Lam, Tai Hing; He, Yao; Li, Lan Sun; Li, Liang Shou; He, Shu Fang; Liang, Bao Qing

doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550180055037

Cited by 100 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…43 As one of the poorest towns supported by national funds, Julu had been thought to have a lower smoking rate than other developed areas in China. However, according to the present study, the tobacco exposure rate in this poor town was surprisingly higher than that in Beijing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking State Determined by Cotinine and Arterial Stiffness

Xie

Xian

et al. 2009

Circ J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking State Determined by Cotinine and Arterial Stiffness

Xie

Xian

et al. 2009

Circ J

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“…It was suggested that the study subjects in Japan might have been exposed to a lower dose of smoking because of the low supply of cigarettes after World War II. 30,36 Though it has a point in this hypothesis, this view is not supported by the fact that no great difference exists in the mortality between China, 21 which also experienced cigarette shortages, and Western countries. 20,[22][23][24][25][26] It appears difficult to explain the difference in the results of these researches consistently.…”

Section: Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Cancer Preventive Study II in the United States, 5 the RR due to smoking for all-cause mortality was reported to be 2.3 in males and 1.9 in females. Tang et al reported The prospective study of four British cohorts 20 The Prospective Male Cohort Study in Shanghai, China 27 The Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies 26 The cohort analytic study in a machinery factory in Xi'an, China 21 The Seven Countries Study 28 …”

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confidence: 99%

Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Uno

Ishikawa

Nakamura

et al. 2005

Journal of Epidemiology

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BACKGROUND: There have been comparatively few large-scale cohort studies analyzing all-cause mortality due to cigarette smoking. The goal of this analysis is to investigate the relationship between smoking status and all-cause mortality, and to evaluate the effect of smoking in the Japanese. METHODS: The baseline data were collected between 1992 and 1995. Ultimately, 10,873 Japanese (4,280 males and 6,593 females) aged 19 years or older from 12 rural communities located across Japan participated in the study. This analysis is based on the results, including the information on those who died and moved out of the communities, obtained by December 31, 2001. The Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for smoking with adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, alcohol drinking habit and education. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 8.2 years, during which time, 284 males and 192 females died. The multivariate-adjusted HRs for total mortality among former and current smokers compared with never smokers were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-1.61) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.16-2.35) in males, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.40-2.42) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.42-1.95) in females, respectively. Those for the consumption of 1-14, 15-24, and 25+ cigarettes per day among male smokers were 1.62, 1.57, and 1.89, respectively. In females, there was no great difference in all-cause mortality between smokers and never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study confirm an increased risk in males of premature death from all causes among Japanese with a smoking habit.

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“…For example, smoking prevalence in Beijing is 56% among men and 6% among women (S. Lee et al, 2009). Smoking is related to mortality among the Chinese (Chen, Xu, Collins, Li, & Peto, 1997;Lam, He, Li, He, & Liang, 1997;Niu et al, 1998;Yuan et al, 1996), with 673,000 smoking-attributable deaths annually (Gu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use Among a Sample of MSM in Shanghai, China

Berg

Nehl

Wong

et al. 2010

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher smoking rates than the general population in the United States, but less is known about smoking among MSM in developing countries. Thus, we examined the prevalence and correlates of smoking among MSM in China. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study of 404 MSM in Shanghai, China (half of whom were male sex workers), recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Assessments included sociodemographics; tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the Social Provisions Scale (SPS); and the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). Results:Smoking prevalence was 65.9% in this sample. Recent smoking (i.e., in the past 3 months) was significantly associated with lower education, greater alcohol use, and higher LGBIS scores, after controlling for important sociodemographics. Among smokers, smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day (CPD), in comparison with <10 CPD, was related to older age and lower LGBIS scores and marginally related to heavy alcohol use. Although bivariate analyses indicated a relationship of CES-D and SPS scores to recent smoking, these factors did not contribute to the regression models. Conclusions:Smoking rates among MSM in China are higher than MSM in the United States and men in China. Less comfort with one's sexual orientation was related to smoking, particularly light smoking. Heavier alcohol consumption, lower education, and older age were also associated with smoking. Future research should confirm these findings and examine mediators and moderators of these relationships in order to inform cessation interventions and tobacco control policy. Brief Report

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Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in China

Cited by 100 publications

References 6 publications

Smoking State Determined by Cotinine and Arterial Stiffness

Smoking State Determined by Cotinine and Arterial Stiffness

Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use Among a Sample of MSM in Shanghai, China

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