Mortality by occupation-based social class in Italy from 2012 to 2014

Bertuccio, Paola; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Sebastiani, Giovanni V.; Zengarini, Nicolás; Costa, Giuseppe; Vecchia, Carlo La; Frova, Luisa

doi:10.1007/s00038-018-1149-8

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This finding might be due to greater differences in occupational burden between SES groups among men than among women. 14 35 36 Overall, the increase in life expectancy for women is much weaker than for men, leading to a narrowing gender gap, which can also be observed for the total German population. 1 Due to the considerably small increase in female life expectancy, changes in inequalities over time were expected to be less pronounced for women than for men, which holds true for our study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Widening income inequalities in life expectancy? Analysing time trends based on German health insurance data

Tetzlaff

Epping

Sperlich

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundWhile social disparities in mortality have been shown in the majority of high-income countries, research on inequalities in the German population is still limited. This applies especially to studies investigating time trends in social inequalities with respect to life expectancy. The aim of this study is to examine income inequalities in life expectancy and whether inequalities have narrowed or widened over time.MethodsThe analyses are based on the claims data of a large German health insurance provider, which facilitates the combining of information on individual income and mortality. Life expectancy is calculated separately for three income groups (<60%, 60% to 80% and ≥80% of the average income in Germany) and for sex by applying period life table analyses. Trends are assessed by comparing the time periods 2005–2008 (N = 1 773 122), 2009–2012 (N=1 792 735) and 2013–2016 (N = 1 987 114).ResultsTrends in life expectancy differed by sex, age and income group. Especially among elderly men, the gap between low- and high-income groups widened over time, disadvantaging men with low incomes. Among women, a slight reduction in inequalities was observed, which was driven by the increases in life expectancy in low-income groups.ConclusionOur study shows that not all population subgroups benefitted equally from the continuing rise in life expectancy. The persisting inequalities emphasise the importance of public health efforts concentrating on reducing mortality risks among individuals in lower socioeconomic positions. Special attention should be paid to elderly men with low incomes. Further research is needed on the mechanisms underlying increasing health inequalities over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Widening income inequalities in life expectancy? Analysing time trends based on German health insurance data

Tetzlaff

Epping

Sperlich

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…A decrease in health disparity depending on the occupational status may be hypothesized in nonagenarians based on a “weakening effects” of working conditions after retirement, a “mortality selection” of people belonging to higher risk categories, and a “ceiling effect”, referring to a high risk of morbidity in all occupational categories. Regarding the “mortality selection” issue, indeed, it is worth mentioning that low skilled manual occupations are often considered as a proxy for a low socioeconomic status [ 48 ], a condition generally associated with a greater risk of poor health, higher rates of illness, disability, and mortality compared with belonging to high socioeconomic status [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Relationships between Physically Demanding Work and Late-Life Disability in Italian Nonagenarian Women Living in a Rural Area

Lombardi

Pancani

Lorenzini

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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As more and more persons live into their 90s and beyond, investigating causes of disability in the oldest-old population is relevant for public health implications to plan preventive strategies and rehabilitation interventions. A negative association between physically demanding work and midlife physical function has been shown, but there is a paucity of longitudinal studies investigating possible work-related long-term effects in the oldest old. This study investigates the relationship between physically demanding work exposure and late-life physical performances, disability, general health status, and quality of life in a sample of women aged 90 years and over inside the Mugello Study. Sociodemographic data, cognitive and functional status, lifestyle, medical history, drug use, and work history were collected from 236 participants. Farmers had a lower percentage of individuals with preserved independence in basic activities of daily living compared to other occupations. However, in the multivariate analysis, only a higher cognitive function remained associated with functional independence. While confirming the well-known association between cognitive and functional decline in very old age, our results do not support the hypothesis that the negative effects of physical work exposure observed in midlife are relevant to predict disability in nonagenarian women.

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“…These variables were chosen as they showed a strong correlation with all-cause mortality [37]. According to published literature data, the SED variables are potential predictors of the geographical distribution of CSD mortality [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Education not only increases the awareness of bene cial health behaviors, through medical and prophylactic care as well as treatment recommendations, but is also one of the important determinants of employment [38,39].…”

Section: Area-level Sed Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is area-level socioeconomic deprivation associated with mortality due to circulatory system diseases in Poland?

Jamiołkowski

Genowska

Pająk

2022

Preprint

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Background. Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) is known to influence cardiovascular health. However, studies analyzing the relationship between deprivation and circulatory system diseases (CSD) in Central and Eastern Europe are limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between SED and mortality due to CSD at a population level in 66 sub-regions of Poland. Methods. The data regarding mortality and SED components were obtained from the Central Statistical Office. An area-based SED index was estimated from the rates of education, structure in employment, salary, unemployment, as well as and poverty. The dynamics of changes in mortality due to CSD was calculated as the number of deaths prevented or postponed (DPP) in terciles of SED index. The associations between the mortality from CSD and SED index were analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression models and generalized estimating equations. Results. Among men, the percentage of DPP in 2014 was 13.1% for CSD, 23.4% for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 21.4% for cerebrovascular diseases (CD). In the case of women, the proportion of DPP was 12.8%, 25.6%, and 21.6%, respectively. More deprived sub-regions experienced a greater decrease in CSD-related mortality compared to the less deprived sub-regions. The disparity in mortality reduction between more deprived and less deprived sub-regions was even more pronounced for women. After adjustment for lifestyle, population density, and changes in mortality over time, the SED index was found to be associated with CSD- and IHD-related mortality for men (β = 1.053, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008–1.100 and β = 1.195, 95% CI 1.005–1.419, respectively), and with IHD- and CD-related mortality for women (β = 1.303, 95% CI 1.025–1.657 and β = 1.230, 95% CI 1.025–1.477, respectively). Conclusions. A major proportion of the territorial differences in mortality due to CSD in Poland could be attributed to socioeconomic deprivation. To reduce CSD mortality, more comprehensive preventive measures, including approaches addressing the socioeconomic factors, mainly poverty, education and employment, in particular in less urbanized areas are needed.

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Mortality by occupation-based social class in Italy from 2012 to 2014

Abstract: There are remarkable disparities across occupation-based social classes in the Italian working population that favour the upper non-manual workers. Our data could be useful in planning policies for a more effective health and social security system.

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Widening income inequalities in life expectancy? Analysing time trends based on German health insurance data

Widening income inequalities in life expectancy? Analysing time trends based on German health insurance data

Assessing Relationships between Physically Demanding Work and Late-Life Disability in Italian Nonagenarian Women Living in a Rural Area

Is area-level socioeconomic deprivation associated with mortality due to circulatory system diseases in Poland?

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