Mortality epidemiology in low-intensity warfare: Israel Defense Forces’ experience

Scope, A.; Farkash, Uri; Lynn, Mauricio; Abargel, Avi; Eldad, Arieh

doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(00)00101-7

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Most war related deaths have been reported to occur instantaneously at the incident scene or within the first 30 minutes after admission to a hospital. [7] Another study interested in fatalities during the war in Croatia showed that injuries mostly involved muscle and soft tissue, followed by bony tissue, abdominal and thoracic regions. [6] Studies concerning injuries caused by bombings presented that head and neck injuries were responsible for high morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Series Of Civilian Fatalities During The War In Syria

Çelikel

Karaarslan

Demirkıran

et al. 2014

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Series Of Civilian Fatalities During The War In Syria

Çelikel

Karaarslan

Demirkıran

et al. 2014

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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“…These complications result in an increase in mortality even after successful resuscitation [1,[9][10][11]. Avoiding this lethal cascade requires hemorrhage control prior to arrival at the hospital minimizing blood loss and allowing for earlier resuscitation [12][13][14]15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of BleedArrest, Celox, and TraumaDex on Hemorrhage Control in a Porcine Model

Gegel

Burgert

Cooley

et al. 2010

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background. Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in civilian trauma and the leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three hemostatic agents: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, and Celox.Materials and Methods. This was a prospective, experimental study using male Yorkshire swine. The pigs (n [ 5 per group) were randomly assigned to one of the following: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, Celox, or control. To simulate a trauma injury, the investigators generated a complex groin injury with transection of the femoral artery and vein in all pigs. After 1 min of uncontrolled hemorrhage, one of the hemostatic agents was poured into the wound, followed by standard wound packing. The control group underwent the same procedures with the exception of the hemostatic agents. In all groups, 5 min of direct manual pressure was applied to the wound followed by a standard pressure dressing. After 30 min, dressings were removed, and the amount of bleeding was determined.Results. There were significant differences between the BleedArrest (mean [ 21.2, SD ± 36.6 mL) TraumaDex (mean [ 68, SD ± 103.5 mL) and Celox (mean [ 18.l6, SD ± 41.6 mL) groups compared with Control group (mean [ 230, SD ± 154 mL) (P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference between BleedArrest, TraumaDex, and Celox groups (P [ 0.478).Conclusions. BleedArrest, Celox, and TraumaDex were statistically and clinically superior at controlling hemorrhage compared with the standard pressure dressing in the control group. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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“…The Israelis, in contrast, discuss reaching a medical center as quickly as possible, but they have the advantage of fighting within close proximity of their civilian trauma facilities [21] Demetriades et al showed that mortality curves are based not only on time from injury but on injury type and severity as well [22]. The Israelis also looked at their time-to-death data in low-intensity warfare and found that 77% of deaths occur in the prehospital phase and 88% of deaths occur within 30 min of injury [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%